1.SEMINAR ON EMBEDDED SYSTEM USING 8051MICROCONTROLLERSUBMITTED BY NAME- BADAL SHARMA STUDENT- B.TECH 4 TH YEAR (E&C)

2. Introduction An embedded system can be defined as acomputer system design to perform specificfunction .This generally goes with real-time computingconstraints.Embedded systems bring together softwarehardware and mechanical parts with either fixed orprogrammable capabilities .Embedded systems are very specific, and built tohandle a particular task 3. Example of Embedded System Air conditioner ATM machine Battery charger Digital camera DVD player Fax machine Home security system Mobile phone Modem TV Navigation system Scanner Printer Router PDA Wearable computer Photocopier Video game console 4. Moving message display Digital clockDVD player Traffic light 5. Essential components Microprocessor / DSP Sensors Converter (A-D and D-A) Actuators Communication path with the interacting environment 6. Embedded System StructureA- Processor & D-Asensor actuatorsDASIC smemory 7. Introduction to microcontroller 8051 A microcontroller is a computer on achip Micro suggests that the devices is small,and controller tells you that the devices mightbe used to control objects , or events Another term to describe a microcontrolleris embedded controller, because themicrocontroller and its support circuit areoften built into, or embedded in, the devicesthey control. 8. The 8051Microcontroller The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51 family introduced by Intel Corporation at theend of the 1970s. The 8051 family characteristics: o 4K Bytes ROM o 128 Bytes RAM o two timer/counters (16 bit) o A serial port o 32 input/output port o Interrupt controller 9. Architecture of microcontroller 10. Pin diagram 11. IC 8051 Pin DescriptionVoltage supply+5v GND 12. IC 8051 Pin descriptionPort 0From 32 to 39Dual functionUsed to excess bothdata & address 13. IC 8051 Pin description Port 1From 1 to 8 pin8-bit bidirectional I/O port withinternal pull-ups 14. IC 8051 Pin description Port 2 form Pin 21 to 28Used to accessaddress and I/O 15. IC 8051 Pin descriptionExternal memoryResetSerial inputSerial outputAdd. LatchInterrupt 0enableInterrupt 1Timer 0Timer 1Write ProgramRead Store EnableCrystal Oscillator 16. Addressing Modes Immediate addressing modeso ADD A, #23h (Add immediate data to Acc) Register addressing modeso ADD A, R2 (Add register to Accumulator) Direct addressing modeso ADD A, 40h (Add data at location 40h to Accumulator) Register Indirect addressing modeso ADD A,@R2 (Add indirect RAM to Acc) 17. The 8051 has 2 timer/counter .They can be used either as timersto generate delay or as counters tocount events happening outsidethe controller.o Two 16-bit timero The counters are divided into two 8-Bitregisters called the timer low (TL0, TL1) andhigh (TH0, TH1) bytes.o All counters action is controlled by bit statesin the timer mode control register (TMOD),the timer/counter control register (TCON),and certain program instructions. 18. The 8085 Microprocessor : The features of INTEL 8085 are : It is an 8 bit processor. It is a single chip N-MOS devicewith 40 pins. It has multiplexed address anddata bus.(AD0-AD7). It works on 5 Volt dc power supply. The maximum clock frequency is 3MHz while minimum frequency is500kHz. It provides 74 instructions with 5different addressing modes. 19. IC 8085 Pin Description 20. IC 8085 Pin Description AD0-AD7: Multiplexed Address and data lines. A8-A15: Tri-stated higher order address lines. ALE: Address latch enable is an output signal.It goes highwhen operation is started by processor . S0,S1: These are the status signals used to indicate typeof operation. RD: Read is active low input signal used to read datafrom I/O device or memory. WR: Write is an active low output signal used write dataon memory or an I/O device. 21. IC 8085 Pin Description AD0-AD7: Multiplexed Address and data lines. A8-A15: Tri-stated higher order address lines. ALE: Address latch enable is an output signal.It goes highwhen operation is started by processor . S0,S1: These are the status signals used to indicate typeof operation. RD: Read is active low input signal used to read data fromI/O device or memory. WR: Write is an active low output signal used write dataon memory or an I/O device. 22. IC 8085 Pin Description HOLD&HLDA: HOLD is an input signal .When P receives HOLD signal it completes current machine cycle and stops executing next instruction. In response to HOLD P generates HLDA that is HOLD Acknowledge signal. RESET IN: This is input signal. When RESET IN is low p restarts and starts executing from location 0000H. SID: Serial input data is input pin used to accept serial 1 bit data . X1 & X2 : These are clock input signals and are connected to external LC,or RC circuit.These are divide by two so if 6 MHz is connected to X1X2, the operating frequency becomes 3 MHz. VCC & VSS: Power supply VCC=+ -5Volt& VSS=-GND reference. 23. 8085 Internal Architecture 24. Microprocessor v/sMicrocontroller MicrocontrollerMicroprocessor CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O andtimer are separate timer are all on a single chip designer can decide on the amount fix amount of on-chip ROM,of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. RAM, I/O ports expensive for applications in which cost, general-purposepower and space are critical Ex. 8085,8086 mp, Motorola 6800, single-purposeIntels 8086, etc. Ex. 8051, PIC mc, Motorola MCs, Phillips, etc. 25. Various Integrated CircuitsA. 78XX Series 3-Terminal positive regulator(78XX) XX- output voltage(7805-+05v,7812-+12v) Pin DiagramCircuit Diagram 26. B.78XX series 3- terminal negative regulatorsXX-output voltage(7905- -5v,7912- -12vB. 79XX SeriesPin diagramCircuit diagram 27. Features of 78XX & 79XX Series Thermal, short circuit and safe areaprotection High ripple rejection. 1A & 1.5A output current delivers by 78XX &79XX series. 4% tolerance on present output voltage. 28. Practical use of 7805 Regulator IC 29. C. L293D push-pull four channel driver with diodes. 600mA output current capability per channel. 1.2A peak output current (non-repetitive) perchannel. enable facility. over temperature protection. high noise immunity. internal clamp diodes. 30. Pin diagram ofUse of L293D L293D1) It is use to DC & stepping motor in both clockwise & anticlockwise direction.2) It is also called inductive load driver IC. 31. Connection of motors with L293D 32. Block Diagram of L293D 33. D. ULN2003/ ULN2803 high voltage, high current Darlington array TTL, DTL, PMOS, CMOS-Compatible inputs output current (sinking capability) to 500mA per channel output voltage to 50V It is also called relay driver IC The output of two coupled transistor is A=a1+a2 but in Darlingtonpair A=a1.a2 . 34. Pin Diagram of Pin Diagram ofULN2003ULN2803 35. Connection of motor throughULN2803 36. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) The most commonly used LCDs found in the market today are 1 line, 2line or 4 line LCDs which have only one controller and support at most80 character; whereas LCDs supporting more than 80 characters makeuse of 2 HD44780 controllers. 37. Connection Of LCD NAME DESCRIPTION VSSGround VCC+3.3 to +5V VEEContrast adjustment RS0 - write to LCD module 1 read from LCD module ENEnable D0Data bus line 0 (LSB) D1Data bus line 1 D2Data bus line 2 D3Data bus line 3 D4Data bus line 4 D5Data bus line 5 D6Data bus line 6 D Data bus line 7 (MSB) 38. LM358 It is a comparator IC. It consists of two operational amplifier (op-amp). Op-amp has two input terminal, used to compare the input signal and one output terminal, used to produce output signal(either 0 or 1) according to the comparison of two input signals. 39. LM324 It is also a comparator IC. It consist of four Op-amp. 40. MAX 232It is used to shift the level of voltage when communicate between computer and microcontroller. Controller TTL logic and logic 1 between 1.5V to 5V. Computerworks on CMOS logic 1 between 5.5V to 15V. Since there is nodifference in logic 0 in CMOS and TTL but logic 1 of both aredifferent. Hence MAX232 required for level shifting. MAX comes from Maxim (manufacturer) 232 comes from RS232. It is a protocol (set of rules) supportscommunication between CMOS and TTL. It is also called Level Shifter IC. 41. INFRARED SENSOR (IR) It consist of two LED, one is transmitter (blue LED) and another isreceiver (white/black LED). when we put any obstruction in between these two LEDs their operation affects and produce a certain signal (low or high). 42. RF Transmitter (TX) and Receiver (RX) ModuleTX (TLP434) Module1. Antenna2.Vcc (positive Supply)3. Data (Data Input)4. Ground( Data generation encoding modulation (ASK) transmit (HT12E)(TLP434) (Antenna)RX(RLP434) Module1.Antenna2.Ground3.Ground4. Vcc5.Vcc6. Data7.Data8. Ground( Reception Demodulation Decoding Digital Signal Generation(Antenna)(RLP434)(HT12D) (signal ready to use) 43. Design software PROTEOUS PCS BASOMDESIGN SOFTWARE USED 44. BADALSHARMA