Bellying up the bar

Bellying Up the Bar

Sarah Mohtadi

Med 4

Introduction

Background:

Annually in the United States*:

•221,000 women use illicit drugs during

pregnancy

•757,000 women drink alcohol while pregnant

•820,000 women smoke cigarettes while pregnant

This causes:

•Premature babies

•FAS

•Brain damage

•Cognitive damage when older*American Pregnancy Association- November, 2012

Introduction

What Does This Mean?

Educators and Doctors are against it

Socially unacceptable

Form of abuse towards the baby

U.S. public health officials and the American Academy

of Pediatrics strongly discourage women from consuming

alcohol while pregnant because of its potential to harm the

baby’s physical, emotional and cognitive development

(Conley, 2012)

Breaking the Norm

The Plan

IV 2: Drinking

Alcoholic Beverage

IV 2: Drinking Hot

Tea

IV 1: Pregnant Drinking Alcohol

while pregnant at

Bar

Drinking Hot Tea

while pregnant at

Bar

IV 1: Not Pregnant Drinking Alcohol

while not pregnant

at Bar

Drinking Hot Tea

while not pregnant

at Bar

Breaking the Norm

Dependent Variable:

Reaction of individuals around participant

Reactions are measured by a scale:

Independent Variable:

IV 1: Pregnant/Non-Pregnant

IV 2: Consuming Alcohol/Hot Tea

Hypotheses:

H1: There will be little/no reaction when:

Participant drinks Hot Tea while pregnant at Bar

Participant drinks Alcohol while not pregnant at Bar

H2: There will be mild/high reactions when:

Participant drinks Alcohol while pregnant at Bar

Participant drinks Hot Tea while not pregnant at Bar

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Action:

Refusal

of

Service

Aggressiv

ve Verbal

Comment

Closing

Bar Tab

Early

Neutral

Verbal

Comment

t

Disapproval

Gestures

Staring

g

Point and

talk

amongst

group

Rolling of

the Eyes

Glance Avoidanc

e

Breaking It Down:

Methods

Participants:

•Chili’ s-Northridge:

• 4 participants

• Two gentlemen and two women

•All participants were Caucasian

• Between the ages of 25-45 years

•El Torito- Northridge

• 4 participants

• Three females and one male



MethodsParticipants:

•Chili’ s-Woodland Hills:

• 8 participants

•All male except for one female (Bartender)



•El-Torito- Woodland Hills:

• 11 participants

• Seven of the eleven participants were older males

•Mix of Caucasian and Latino


• The remaining four participants were female between the ages of

35-40 years

•Two were Latina and the other two females were African

American

Methods

Confederate: • #1: Pregnant/Non-Pregnant – 28 Years Old – White - Female

• #2: Accompanied Friend – 23 Years Old – White - Female

• #3: Accompanied Friend – 23 Years Old – White - Female

• #4: Undercover Data Collector – 25 Years Old – Indian- Female

• #5: Undercover Data Collector – 20 Years Old – Hispanic- Female

• #6: Undercover Data Collector – 23 Years Old – Middle Eastern-

Female

Materials:

•Pregnancy Belt

•“Mommy To Be” Sash

•Clipboard

•Pen/Pencil

•Cell Phone App: Notepad

Methods

Procedures:•Trial 1:

•Enter Bar in two groups

•Participant is not pregnant

•First group will order drinks/ Hot Tea

•Second group will record reactions

•Trial 2:


•Participant is not pregnant

•First group will order drinks


•Trial 3:


•Participant is pregnant

•First group will order drinks


•Trial 4:


•Participant is pregnant

•First group will order

drinks/ Hot Tea

•Second group will record

reactions

Results

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Action:

Refusal of

Service

Aggressive

Verbal

Comment

Closing Bar

Tab Early

Neutral

Verbal

Comment

Disapproval

GesturesStaring

Point and

talk

amongst

group

Rolling

of the

Eyes

Glance Avoidance

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Action:

Refusal of

Service

Aggressive

Verbal

Comment

Closing Bar

Tab Early

Neutral

Verbal

Comment

Disapproval

GesturesStaring

Point and

talk

amongst

group

Rolling

of the

Eyes

Glance Avoidance

DAY 1: Not Pregnant - Drinking Alcohol At Bar - El Torito

DAY 1: Not Pregnant - Drinking Hot Tea At Bar – Chili’s

Results

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Action:

Refusal of

Service

Aggressive

Verbal

Comment

Closing Bar

Tab Early

Neutral

Verbal

Comment

Disapproval

GesturesStaring

Point and

talk

amongst

group

Rolling

of the

Eyes

Glance Avoidance

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Action:

Refusal of

Service

Aggressive

Verbal

Comment

Closing Bar

Tab Early

Neutral

Verbal

Comment

Disapproval

GesturesStaring

Point and

talk

amongst

group

Rolling

of the

Eyes

Glance Avoidance

DAY 2: Pregnant - Drinking Alcohol At Bar - El Torito

DAY 2: Pregnant - Drinking Hot Tea At Bar – Chili’s

Interesting

Observation

Both Bars did NOT

ask for

Identification

during these two

trials

Results

Analytical Statistics

•A 2 x 2 between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was

performed on the dependent variable reactions and attitudes of the

participants.

•IV 1 (pregnant vs. non-pregnant) and IV 2 (alcohol vs. hot tea) were

used as the independent variables.

•IV 1 did not significantly predict DV, F (1, 26) = .957, p = .338.

•IV 2 did not significantly predict DV, F (1, 26) = 2.965, p = .098.

•No significant interaction or main effect was further found, F (1, 26) =

1.910, p = .180.

Debrief

Debriefing:

Purpose: Important ethical consideration to make sure that

participants are informed about their experience in the experiment and

that they are not harmed in any way. It is also a way to check on their

well-being as an individual after the experiment has been completed.

Bartender at El-Torito seemed anxious and stressed when serving the

pregnant participant

After debriefing Bartender, he responded:

“You know what? This isn't the first time I've seen a pregnant

lady come in. The first time, I confronted her and she said, ‘Mind

your f-ing business.’ This is why I stayed away and didn't

comment. My boss talked to me about it and we decided to respect

people for what they do to their bodies. They are adults. They

know. " and then said, " Thank you for telling me“, smiled and

gestured a “fist pump” to the group.

Discussion

•When looking at results through observations/reactions:

Only our first hypothesis was supported

When not pregnant:

Participant received mild gestures/ reactions when requesting

Hot Tea

Participant received little/no reaction when requested an

alcoholic beverage

When pregnant:

Participant received mild reactions when requested Hot Tea

Participant received highly inappropriate gestures/reactions when

drinking an alcoholic beverage

•When looking at results analytically:

Our hypotheses were rejected

No significance found in either condition

Discussion

Limitations: Time and Day

Ex. Monday Night Football- All men in Bar

Type of restaurant attended

Number of Participants

Type of alcoholic beverage ordered

Location

What Do We Learn From This? Cautious

Individuals are more passive-aggressive

Not practice this social norm while pregnant

Individuals will provide gestures/reactions when they

encounter a social violation

References

1. American Pregnancy Association. (2012, November 16). Statistics on Pregnancy.

Retrieved from http://www.americanpregnancy.org/main/statistics.html

2. Conley, M.C. (2012, July 20). 1 in 13 Pregnant Women Drinks Alcohol. ABC 7 News.

Retrieved fromhttp://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2012/07/20/1-in-13-pregnant-

women-drink-alcohol/

3. Ihlen, B.I., Amundsen, A.A., Tronnes, L.T. (1993). Reduced Alcohol Use in Pregnancy

and Changed Attitudes in the Population. Addiction, 88 (3), 389-394

4. Kinsley, M.K. (1991). Cocktails for Two. New Republic, 204 (22), 6-6.

5. Peadon, E.P., Payne, J.P., Henley, N.H., D'Antoine, H.D., Bartu, A.B., O'Leary, C.O.,

Bower,C.B., Elliott, E.E. (2010). Women's Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding

Alcohol Consumption in Pregnancy: A National Survey. BMC Public Health, 10,

510-517.

6. Raymond, N.R., Beer, C.B., Glazebrook, C.G., Sayal, K.S. (2009). Pregnant Woman’s `

Attitudes Towards Alcohol Consumption. BMC Public Health, 9, 1-8.

7. Uscher, J.U. (2012, December 11). Alcohol and Pregnancy: Is 'A Little Bit' Safe?

WebMD. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/baby/features/drinking-alcohol-

during-pregnancy

http://www.americanpregnancy.org/main/statistics.html

http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2012/07/20/1-in-13-pregnant-women-drink-alcohol/

http://www.webmd.com/baby/features/drinking-alcohol-

Special Thanks To…

Annalace “Lacey” Hillinger

America Gonzalez

Eliana Ruelas

Amreet Thiara

Anita Zakarian

Education

Bellying up the bar