BIO-FUEL (corrected)

SUB:-RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGYSEC:-[A]

MID TERM PRESENTATIONon

“BIO-FUEL”

American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)Date : 26-10-2015

Prepared ForAHMED MORTUZA SALEQUE

Faculty of EEE Department

Group members :- GROUP #03Name ID

KABIR, SHARIF RAIHAN 12-21365-2

TURASH, TASNEEM AHMED 12-21072-1

JUBYER, KAZI MD. 12-22063-2

ALAM, MIM SHAH NEWAJ 12-21951-2

SARKER, MD. AZAZUL HAQ 12-21448-2

RAHMAN, MD. NAHID 12-21770-2

FUELS• Fuels are any materials that store potential

energy which can be practically released and used as heat energy.

• Fuels are required for a variety of purposes, but are utilized mainly for..

o Transportation ando Power Generation .

WHAT IS BIO FUEL?

• Any hydrocarbon fuel that is produced from organic matter (living or once living material) in a short period of time (days, weeks, or even months) is considered as Biofuel.

• Bio fuels energy is derived from biological carbon fixation.

• Bio fuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion as well as solid biomass, liquidfuel .

COMMON EXAMPLES OF BIO-FUELS

ETHANOLVEGETABLE OILANIMAL FATSGREEN DIESELCOW DUNG etc.

WHY BIO-FUEL ?

• Environment Aspect : Renewable, Sustainable Reducing Greenhouse effects Cleanly Burning

• Socio-economic Aspect : Increasing Energy Security Boosting Profitability of Agriculture Controlling Wastes

LIFE CYCLE OF BIO-FUEL

CLASSIFICATION OF BIO-FUEL

FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS

SECOND GENERATION BIO-FUELS

FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS

• They are also called as conventional bio-fuel.• The first generation biofuels refer to the fuels that have been

derived from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats and vegetable oil. The oil is obtained using the conventional techniques of production

FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS ARE:i. BIO-DIESELii. GREEN-DIESELiii. BIO-ETHERSiv. BIO-GASv. SYN-GAS

FIRST GENERATION BIO-FUELS contt.

• BIO-DIESEL: Alternative fuel for diesel engines Made from vegetable oil or animal fat Meets health effect testing (CAA) Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F) Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.

This is mostly used in European countries It is mineral acid and chemically known as fatty acid methyl It is very commonly used when it is mixed with mineral oil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sao_Paulo_ethanol_pump_04_2008_74_zoom.jpg


• GREEN-DIESEL: It is also called as renewable diesel. It is a form of diesel fuel which is derived from renewable

feedstock rather than the fossil. Green diesel feedstock can be sourced from a variety of oils

including canola, algae, and Salicornia in addition to tallow it is chemically similar to traditional diesel fuel. So green

diesel can be used in today's tanks, trucks, pumps and automobiles.


• BIO-ETHERS: Bio-ether is made from either wheat or sugar beet. It can also

be produced from the waste glycerol that results from the production of biodiesel.

They are also cost efficient and they reduce engine wear and toxic exhaust emissions.

Its energy density is about half of standard diesel.

Fig: Bio-ether lab


• BIO-GAS: It is methane produce by the anaerobic Digestion of

anaerobes. Biogas is a mixture consisting of 65% methane (CH4) and of

35% CO2. It is a renewable energy resulting from biomass. Biogas can be recovered from mec. biological treatment waste

processing systems. Farmers can produce biogas from manure from their cows by

using an anaerobic digester



• Syn-gas: Syn-gas, or synthesis gas, is a fuel gas mixture consisting primarily of

hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and very often some carbon dioxide. Syn-gas is usually a product of gasification and the main application

is electricity generation.

Fig: Syn-gas while forming


Second generation biofuels are also known as advanced biofuels.

Produced from sustainable feedstock. What separates them from first generation bio fuels the fact

that feedstock used in producing second generation bio fuels are generally not food crops. The only time the food crops can act as second generation bio fuels is if they have already fulfilled their food purpose. For instance, waste vegetable oil is a second generation bio fuels because it has already been used and is no longer fit for human consumption.


EXAMPLES OF SECOND GENERATION BIO-FUELS:• Many second generation biofuels are under development

such as • Cellulose ethanol • Algae fuel• Bio hydrogen• Bio ethanol • Bio DMF• Fisher tropism diesel• Bio hydrogen diesel• Mixed alcohols and wood diesel.

CURRENT STATE OF BIO-FUEL• 14.3% of the US corn harvest was used to produce ethanol annually

Energetically equivalent to 1.72% of US gasoline use (2005). • 1.5% of the US soybean harvest produced biodiesel annually 0.09% of US

diesel use (2005). • India, Indonesia, Malaysia and China are producing biodiesel successfully from

Jatropha curcus and oil palm. • Green diesel is a form of diesel fuel which is derived from renewable feedstock

rather than the fossil feedstock become much popular Ireland

BIO-FUEL IN ASPECT OF BANGLADESH

• Bangladesh annually imports about 3.5 million tons of different fuel oils.

• 1.45 million tons diesel, 380 tons kerosene, • 1.3 million tons are crude oil, • 215 tons jet fuel and 155,000 tons petrol and octane . • According to a report, “In the 2007/2008 fiscal year, Bangladesh

needs $4.5 billion for oil imports and repayments of BPC's loans, compared with $3.2 billion in the previous year.” The transportation sector (road, rail, river and air) in Bangladesh consumes approximately 50% of the petroleum imports. If 10% of the diesel and gasoline can be replaced with biodiesel and ethanol, significant amount of hard earned foreign currency can be solved.

BIO-FUEL IN ASPECT OF BANGLADESH contt.

• We have some native plants which grow well in the fallow lands and also can play a major role when converted to biodiesel or directly used as a source of alternative fossil fuel .

• There are many other indigenous plant seeds available in Bangladesh and these should be investigate for there potentiality to produce oil.

DRAWBACKS

• Biofuels, particularly those derived from palm biodiesel blends, may be more carcinogenic than conventional fuels.

• Bio-fuels Isn’t truly carbon neutral because of the stages of production, ‐transportation and processing require nonrenewable energy.

• Fermentation and distilling of first generation Biofuels create negative net energy. • Threat to food security in poor countries. • May destroy traditional crop production

FUTURE OF BIO-FUEL• Economically feasible production of ethanol from cellulose could happen within

10 years. • Safe and pollution less Bio-fuel Factory will be constructed • Improved and efficient bio-gas plant will be invented • New and less costly Energy source will take place. • Food Security will be regained. • Fuel and food price will decrease.

DISADVANTAGES OF BIO-FUEL• Disadvantages of using biodiesel produced from agricultural crops

involve additional land use, as land area is taken up and various agricultural inputs with their environmental effects are inevitable. Switching to biodiesel on a large scale requires considerable use of our arable area.

• Transportation & storage of biodiesel require special management. Some properties of biodiesel make it undesirable for use at high concentrations. For example, pure biodiesel doesn't flow well at low temperatures, which can cause problems for customers with outdoor storage tanks in colder climates. A related disadvantage is that biodiesel, because of its nature, can’t be transported in pipelines. It has to be transported by truck or rail, which increases the cost.

• Biodiesel is less suitable for use in low temperatures, than petrol diesel.

TERMINATION! • The developed countries are investigating significant amount of

resources to develop sustainable renewable energy. Though the solution taken by some specific countries is not the recipe for all other countries but, developing countries should start formulating policies to tap into the developed technologies at an early stage. In particular they should leverage their position with respect to green house gas and global warming. There is no need to reinvent the wheel of Biofuels in every country.

• Bangladesh should and must explore all possible avenues to provide renewable energy to its current and future citizens; this is not only good for the environment of the country, it makes economic sense to rely on one’s natural resources.

REFERENCES

[1] www.google.com/question _renewable/[2] www.geni.org/[3] www.energypedia.info/[4] www.eschooltoday.com/

ANY QUARIES

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BIO-FUEL (corrected)