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P. Njau, R. Wanyera, S. Bhavani, L. Karani, M. Gethi
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Breeding for rust resistance in Kenya:
Successes, setbacks and future approaches
P.Njau, R. Wanyera, S. Bhavani, L. Karani and
M. Gethi [email protected]
• “Ug99” – first reported in Uganda 1998/9.
• Muta9ng and migra9ng (2012: 8 races iden9fied in group, present in 11 countries)
• Race TTKSK (original “Ug99” [red]) only predominates in Ethiopia
• Other Ug99 race group races predominate e.g., Sr24 variants in Kenya
Ug99 a challenging race to beat
The cri9cal screening facility in Njoro
1. 12 Hectares of land available for screening
2. Irriga9on facility 3. Greenhouse underway 4. Trained personnel 5. Room for expansion available
• Over 300,000 accessions have been evaluated so far • Ability to evaluate 50,000 accessions every year • Winter wheat are vernalized and screened in the field
Breeding for Resistance New mutants of the Ug99 race easily overcome the deployed genes as was experienced in 2007
Na9onal Breeding Programme plays an important role in incorpora9ng the resistant gene in the commercial varie9es
Mexico (Cd. Obregon-Toluca/El Batan)- Kenya International Shuttle
Breeding: a five-year breeding cycle)
Cd. Obregón 39 masl High yield (irrigated), Water-use efficiency, Heat tolerance, Leaf rust, stem rust (not Ug99)
Toluca 2640 masl Yellow rust Septoria tritici Fusarium Zero tillage
El Batán 2249 masl Leaf rust, Fusarium
Njoro, Kenya 2185 masl Stem rust (Ug99 group) Yellow rust
● F1 and F1top/backcross developed at CIMMYT, and advanced to F2.
● F3 and F4/F5 evaluated in Njoro. ● Advanced F6 and initial observation in Mexico ● Observation and selection in Njoro where lines with
suitable adaptation are retained
Varie9es developed Commercial Name Pedigree Kenya Wren THELIN # 2/TUKURU Robin BABAX/LR42//BABAX*2/3/TUKURU Kenya Tai ND643/2*WBLL1 Kenya Sunbird ND643/2*WBLL1 Eagle10 EMB 16/CBRD//CBRD Kenya Korongo BABAX/LR42//BABAX*2/4/SNI/TRAP#1/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//
KAUZ Kenya Kingbird TAM200/TUI/6/PVN//CAR422/ANA/5/BOW/CROW//BUC/
PVN/3/YR/4/TRAP#1 Kenya Hawk12 URES/JUN//KAUZ/3/BABAX/4/TILHI
The Seed System and seed produc9on
Our focus • In future, breeding for rust resistance will focus on combining both major and minor genes for maximum protec9on and durability.
• The use of molecular markers to increase efficiency will aid selec9on of complex resistances.
• KARI is collabora9ng with CIMMYT and Na9onal Ins9tute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB) in a BBSRC funded project to improve molecular laboratory facili9es in Kenya so as to implement marker assisted breeding strategies
Training and capacity building
Training course organized at KARI every year under the DRRW project are designed to train wheat breeders from public and private sector in Africa, the Middle East and Central and South Asia, who wish to learn about stem rust, evalua9on of germplasm, and standardiza9on of note taking, as well as to update themselves with the global knowledge and innova9ve techniques that can enhance progress and efficiency in their breeding ac9vi9es.
This work is funded by the BMGF through Cornel University under the DRRW project
Need to play a regional role • Training • Breeding/selec9on • Breeder seed and cer9fied seed produc9on and distribu9on • Screening of regional advanced wheat lines