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CHAPTER 21
Section 1: Threats to World Peace
Section 2: Hitler’s Aggressions
Section 3: Axis GainsSection 4: The Soviet Union and the United States
Section 5: The Holocaust
Section 6: The End of the War
World War II
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Vichy France Occupied Franceboth
Bell Ringer 21.3:What are the similarities and differences between Vichy France and occupied France?
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
After France and GB agreed to Hitler’sdemands at the Munich Conference, theGerman leader believed he had little tofear from the Western leaders.
“I saw them at Munich,” he said. “They are little worms.”
Germany’s invasion of Poland brought immediate declarations of war from GB and France.
But Hitler had the advantage and the momentum …
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
blitzkriegDescribes an all-mechanized force of tanks, infantry, artillery and air power,
concentrating overwhelming force and rapid speed to break through enemy lines.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
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Axis Gains
Everyone expected Hitler to attack western Europe with his ‘blitzkrieg’ tactics, but nothing happened (indeed, on 6 October, Hitler offered peace).
Meanwhile, Britain and France made no effort to attack Hitler. A British Expeditionary Force of four divisions – 158,000 men with 25,000 vehicles – left for France on 11 Sept, but it was too small and poorly-equipped to challenge the Nazi army.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis GainsThe period came to be called ‘the phoney war’.
Britain prepared for war.
Operation Pied
Piper – remove
+800,000
children and
+500,000
pregnant women
from towns to
the countryside.
22 Sept: petrol rationing
introduced 200 miles/car/mth
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains.. until, suddenly, on 9 April 1940, Nazi forces attacked Denmark and Norway.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Chamberlainis replaced…
WinstonChurchill becomesPrimeMinister.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Hitler expand his attacks . . . the Low Countries (the Netherlands,Belgium and Luxembourg) –
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Battle of Dunkirk
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Israel and the Occupied Territories
Political Cartoon
Axis Gains
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Germany turns to attackthe heart of France 5 June 1940.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
The battles were not the same as during WWI . . .
Hitler’s forces bombed and machine-gunned civilians trying to flee.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis GainsThe Fall of France
• Italy declared war on France on 10 June.• The French government fled to port of
Bordeaux, and Paris was occupied on 14 June.
• The 17th of June, Marshal Pétain (a WWI hero) had formed a new gov’t and publicly announced France would ask for an armistice.
• On 22 June, an armistice was signed between France and Germany, going into effect on 25 June.
• For the Axis, the campaign was a spectacular victory.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Vichy France
Israel and the Occupied Territories
Political Cartoon
Axis Gains
Israel and the Occupied Territories
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Axis Gains
Under the leadership of General Charles deGaulle,a Free French governmentwas formed and set upits headquarters in London.
It is quite true that we were, and still are, overwhelmed by enemy mechanised forces, both on the ground and in the air. It was the tanks, the planes, and the tactics of the Germans, far more than the fact that we were outnumbered, that forced our armies to retreat. … But has the last word been said? Must we abandon all hope? Is our defeat final and irremediable? To those questions I answer - No! … This war is not limited to our unfortunate country. The outcome of the struggle has not been decided by the battle of France. This is a world war! … Whatever happens, the flame of French resistance must not and shall not die.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
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Axis Gains
Maquis: predominantly rural guerrilla bands of the French Resistance
Initially they were composed of men who had escaped into the mountains to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire (STO) to provide forced labour for
Germany. They fought the occupying Germans by engage in sabotage –blowing up bridges, wrecking trains, cutting communications…
Israel and the Occupied Territories
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Axis Gains
After France fell,many thought Britainwould prove evenweaker . . .
Hitler began bombing…
The Battle of Britainhad begun …
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis GainsThe bombing continued nonstop during September and October . . .
Hitler believed that he could destroy the British people’s willto fight.
The Royal Air Force (RAF) flew combat missions day after day –night after night.
The RAF had a new weapon . . . Radar!
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Germany hoped that its naval blockade would STARVEGreat Britain into surrender . . .
This might have happened if not for?????
The Luftwaffe continued its bombing for many months . . . And theBritish began to make stronger and heavier attacks on German cities.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
The U.S. Congress pass the Neutrality Acts between 1935-37,stating that the U.S. wished to stay neutral in future wars.
These isolationists believed that Europe’s warsshould not concern Americans.
But their power will fade as fears grew thatthe Nazis would take over the world.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
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Axis Gains
In 1939 the Acts were revised to allow American companies tosell munitions to warring nations . . .
In March of 1941, Congress would pass the Lend-Lease Act authorizing the President to supply war materials to
Great Britain on credit.
Atlantic CharterAug 1941
Churchill and Roosevelt
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Axis Gains
Israel and the Occupied Territories
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Axis Gains
Atlantic CharterAug 1941
Churchill and Roosevelt
…believed that nations must abolish the use of force andestablish … the creation of an international organization.
Israel and the Occupied Territories
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Axis Gains
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Pé tain headed government, collaborated with Germany, controlled French colonies
German troops, German administration
French citizens,
Nazi control
Vichy occupied
both
SECTION 3
Axis Gains
Vichy France Occupied Franceboth
Bell Ringer 21.3:What are the similarities and differences between Vichy France and occupied France?