Eruption of World War II in Europe

1. Axis Powers

• Axis Powers was a group of countries led

by Nazi Germany, the kingdom of Italy

and the empire of Japan

2. Allied Forces

• Allied Forces were led by the United Kingdom and until its defeat; France joined in the European theater of The Soviet Union in June1941 and by the United States in December 1941. In the Asia Pacific Theater, the Allies were led by the Republic of China, following the 1937 invasion of China by Japan and the United States and the British Commonwealth, following the 1941-1942 Japanese Attacks.

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

•Pearl Harbor Naval base, Hawaii, was attack by the Japanese torpedo and bomber planes.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt -Addressed the American Congress, and the nation, to detail the attack. He asked the Congress to pass a declaration of war.

• The Congress- Obliged, voted and passed the US Declaration of War on Japan, on the same day. That was America's formal entry into World War II. New technology, including the new radar mounted on Opana point, was in placed, manned and functioning at the time of the attack.

Lt. Gen. MasaharuHomma

• USAFFE (United States Army Forces in the Far East) -defenders, who resisted with magnificent courage that attacked by the Japanese Invaders.

• Fil-American troops

No foods

No medicines

No ammunitions

The Escapeof Quezon

MANUEL

QUEZON

Gen. Douglas McArthur

April 9,1942

•The final stage of

the Battle of Bataan

Major General Edward "Ned" P. King Jr.

He formally surrendered to Japanese Army under Lt.GeneralMasaharuHomma

• Mariveles to Camp O'Donnel-Prison camp in the province of Tarlac

• Major General Yoshitake Kawane

• The Death March70,000 Filipino and American Soldier with 16 generals (six of whom were Filipinos) laid down their arms in Bataan.

• Shocked civilized mankind• The war prisoners, suffering from thirst, disease and

fatigue, were forced to march from Mariveles, Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga.

• No food and water• Hundred of strugglers, who could no longer walk,

were mercilessly bayoneted to death or brutally beaten by the cruel Japanese guards. From San Fernando, the prisoners who survived the march were thrown into railway box-cars and taken to Capas, Tarlac where they were concentrated. Many suffocated to death inside the box-cars along the way.

• May 6, 1942 ,Corregidor fell.

• Fall of Corregidor marked

the end of organized

resistance against the

Japanese invasion.

• General Wainwright, the vanquished defender of Corregidor, was humiliated by Gen Homma during the surrender negotiations. He was taken to Manila.

Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright

• On May 10 , Major General William F. Sharp Jr., The commander of the Visayan-Mindanao forces to surrendered to the Japanese in Malabaybay, Bukidnon. The war was over, as far as the American forces in the Philippines were concerned. But to the Filipino people, the war was still on. They fled to the hills with their guns and waged relentless guerilla warfare against the Japanese invaders.

Major General William F.

Sharp Jr.

JAPANESE OCCUPATION

The Occupation • Japanese military authorities immediately began organizing a new government

structure in the Philippines. Although the Japanese had promised independence for

the islands after the occupation, they initially organized Council of State through

which they directed civil affairs until October 1940, when they declared the

Philippines an independent Republic.

• Most of the Philippine elite, with a few notable expectations, served under the

Japanese, Philippine collaboration in Japanese-sponsored political institutions-which

later became a major domestic political issue, was motivated by several considerations.

Among them was the effort to protect the people from the harshness of Japanese rule

(an effort that Quezon himself had advocated), protection of family and personal

interests, and a belief that Philippine nationalism would be advanced by solidarity

with fellow Asians. Many collaborated to pass information to the Allies. The

Japanese-sponsored Republic headed by President Jose P. Laurel proved to be

unpopular.

Japanese Military Administration

• Japanese Military Administration was established by the Japanese High

Command for the purpose of supervising the popular, economic, and cultural affairs of the conquered nation. It was headed by a director-general.

Major General Yoshihide Hayashi-First director-general

Major General Takazi Watchi-

• Second and the last director-general

• By order of the Japanese High Command, the officials and employees of the Commonwealth Government were compelled to remain at their posts. Not all, however, compiled with this military order. Some fled to the hills and joined the guerillas. Others remained in their homes and pretended to be too ill to take active part in governmental affairs.

• The Japanese Military Administration, acting upon directives from Tokyo, imposed many restrictions ,which the Filipino people fearfully obeyed. Martial Law was declared in all occupied areas. Curfew and blackouts were maintained in Manila. The civilian population was disarmed and in any hostile act against the Japanese army was severely penalize. A military proclamation stated that "for one Japanese killed by the population ,ten prominent Filipinos were to pay with their lives ." The use of radio antennae and transmitters were banned, and later all radio sets

Philippine

Executive

Commission•was established on January

of 1942.

Jorge B. Vargas

First Chairman of PEC

• The PEC was created as the temporary care taker government of the greater Manila area and eventually of the whole Philippines during the Japanese occupation of the country during World War II.

• The PEC formally abolished all political parties on Dec. 8, 1942 by virtue of Proclamation No. 109 creating the Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas(Organization in the Service of the New Philippines) or better known then as the KALIBAPI.

• The KALIBAPI was established to ago at the mental education, moral generation, physical invigoration, and economic rehabilitation of the Philippines under the guidance of the Japanese Military Administration.

• It was tasked to foster strong cooperation with the Japanese as part of the Order Great East Asia that promotes the lifting of the "great oriental race". The "KALIBAPI" was appointed as a strong right arm of the Japanese occupational forces of the Philippines.

Framing The

Constitution

Hideki Tojo

• A Japanese premier who pledged to established the Republic of the Philippines

• He pledged to promote the KALIBAPI to call for a convention on June 19, 1943 , twenty of its members were elected to form the preparatory commission for the independence.

• The Commission tasked to draft a Constitution for the Philippine Republic and the elected head was Jose P. Laurel

The 1943 Constitution• Commitee appointed by Philippine Executive

Commission- drafted the constitution

• Japanese-They establish the body of the 1943 constitution.

• Hideki Tojo- Promised “The Honor of Independence”meaning the Commission could be supplanted by a form a republic. It provided strong executive powers

• The legislature consisted of a National Assembly and only those who considered as anti-US could stand for election , although in practice most legislators were appointed rather than elected.

Second Philippine Republic

• The Republic Of The Philippines- This was a State in the Philippines established in 1943 under the Japanese Occupation

• Gen Masaharu Homma dissolved the Commonwealth of the Philippines and established the Philippine Executive Commission, a caretaker government, with Vargas as its first chairman

Benigno Q. Aquino

Director General of

KALIBAPI and the First

speaker of the Republic of

the Philippines

Jose P. Laurel

President of the Republic Of The

Philippines