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Experience HistoryExperience History

DAVIDSON • GIENAPP • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFFDAVIDSON • GIENAPP • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFF

Chapter 20: Chapter 20: The Rise of an Urban The Rise of an Urban

Order, 1870-1914Order, 1870-1914

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PreviewPreview

““By the late nineteenth century, the country was By the late nineteenth century, the country was in the midst of an urban explosion. Industrial in the midst of an urban explosion. Industrial cities of unparalleled size and diversity were cities of unparalleled size and diversity were transforming American life. They lured people transforming American life. They lured people from all over the globe, created tensions from all over the globe, created tensions between natives and newcomers, reshaped the between natives and newcomers, reshaped the social order. …For so many Americans, a new social order. …For so many Americans, a new urban age was dawning. The golden door of urban age was dawning. The golden door of opportunity opened onto the city.”opportunity opened onto the city.”

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The HighlightsThe Highlights

A New Urban AgeA New Urban Age Running and Reforming the CityRunning and Reforming the City City LifeCity Life City CultureCity Culture

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A New Urban AgeA New Urban Age

The Urban ExplosionThe Urban Explosion– Cities’ relations to regions around them shaped Cities’ relations to regions around them shaped

natural and economic environmentsnatural and economic environments

The Great Global MigrationThe Great Global Migration– Push and pull factorsPush and pull factors– Chinese immigrantsChinese immigrants– The “new” immigration from southern and eastern The “new” immigration from southern and eastern

Europe in the 1880sEurope in the 1880s

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Immigration and Population, 1860-1920Immigration and Population, 1860-1920

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Holding the City TogetherHolding the City Together– Patterns of settlementPatterns of settlement– Suburban homesSuburban homes– Role of electricityRole of electricity– Mass transit freed the middle class and poor to live Mass transit freed the middle class and poor to live

miles from workmiles from work

Bridges and SkyscrapersBridges and Skyscrapers– Suspension bridgesSuspension bridges– Cloudscrapers: open floors ideal for warehouses, Cloudscrapers: open floors ideal for warehouses,

office buildings, and department storesoffice buildings, and department stores

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The Urban Environment: Slum and TenementThe Urban Environment: Slum and Tenement– Perils of the slum neighborhoodPerils of the slum neighborhood– Dumbbell tenement spread “like a scab”Dumbbell tenement spread “like a scab”

““Far below the skyscrapers lay the slums and Far below the skyscrapers lay the slums and tenements of the inner city. In cramped rooms and tenements of the inner city. In cramped rooms and sunless hallways, along narrow alleys and in sunless hallways, along narrow alleys and in flooded basements lived the city’s poor.”flooded basements lived the city’s poor.”

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Running and Reforming the CityRunning and Reforming the City

Boss RuleBoss Rule– The boss as entrepreneurThe boss as entrepreneur– A crude welfare systemA crude welfare system

Rewards, Costs, and AccomplishmentsRewards, Costs, and Accomplishments– Boss William Tweed and Tammany HallBoss William Tweed and Tammany Hall– Bosses guided immigrants and helped Bosses guided immigrants and helped

underprivileged up from povertyunderprivileged up from poverty– Toll was often outrageousToll was often outrageous

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Nativism, Revivals, and the Social GospelNativism, Revivals, and the Social Gospel– Nativism: a defensive and fearful nationalismNativism: a defensive and fearful nationalism– Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): banned the entry of Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): banned the entry of

Chinese laborersChinese laborers– Social Gospel: focused on improving the conditions of Social Gospel: focused on improving the conditions of

societysociety

The Social Settlement MovementThe Social Settlement Movement– The settlement houseThe settlement house– Lobbied for social legislation to improve housing, Lobbied for social legislation to improve housing,

women’s working conditions, and public schoolswomen’s working conditions, and public schools

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City LifeCity Life

The Immigrant in the CityThe Immigrant in the City– Ethnic neighborhoodsEthnic neighborhoods– Adapting to AmericaAdapting to America– Family lifeFamily life– Special situation of the ChineseSpecial situation of the Chinese– AssimilationAssimilation

Urban Middle-Class LifeUrban Middle-Class Life– The home as haven and status symbolThe home as haven and status symbol– The middle-class homemakerThe middle-class homemaker

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Victorianism and the Pursuit of VirtueVictorianism and the Pursuit of Virtue– Woman’s Christian Temperance UnionWoman’s Christian Temperance Union– Comstock Law (1873) fought pornographyComstock Law (1873) fought pornography

Challenges to ConventionChallenges to Convention– Victoria WoodhullVictoria Woodhull– Urban homosexual communitiesUrban homosexual communities

““Middle-class life reflected a code of behavior called Middle-class life reflected a code of behavior called Victorianism, named for Britain’s long-reigning Victorianism, named for Britain’s long-reigning Queen Victoria (1837-1901). It emerged in the 1830s Queen Victoria (1837-1901). It emerged in the 1830s and 1840s as part of an effort to tame the turbulent and 1840s as part of an effort to tame the turbulent urban-industrial society developing in Europe.”urban-industrial society developing in Europe.”

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City CultureCity Culture

Public Education in an Urban Industrial WorldPublic Education in an Urban Industrial World– 1870-1900: an educational awakening occurred1870-1900: an educational awakening occurred– Schools taught conformity and values in addition to Schools taught conformity and values in addition to

reading, writing, and arithmeticreading, writing, and arithmetic

Higher Learning and the Rise of the ProfessionalHigher Learning and the Rise of the Professional– Postgraduate educationPostgraduate education– Black colleges; professional schoolsBlack colleges; professional schools

Higher Education for WomenHigher Education for Women– By 1910, 40 percent of college students were womenBy 1910, 40 percent of college students were women

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A Culture of ConsumptionA Culture of Consumption– Department storesDepartment stores– Chain stores and mail-order housesChain stores and mail-order houses

LeisureLeisure– Sports and class distinctionsSports and class distinctions– Spectator sports for the urban massesSpectator sports for the urban masses

City Entertainment at Home and on the RoadCity Entertainment at Home and on the Road– The streets, the saloon, dance halls, boxing The streets, the saloon, dance halls, boxing

exhibitions, concerts and theaterexhibitions, concerts and theater– Popular music and the coming of jazzPopular music and the coming of jazz

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