CHAPTER 3

CONDUCTING A GOAL ANALYSIS

MUHAMMAD ASIFF B MOHD NOH2011448708

NUR HAZWANI BT HASNAN2011250686

SITI KATIJAH BT SHAHAROM2011210654

WAN AMNAH BT MOHAMAD2011898494

CONCEPTSAn instructional analysis is a set of procedures

applied to an instructional goal, result in the identification of the relevant steps for performing a goal and the subordinate skills required for a student to achieve goal.

Gange’s domains of learningVerbal informationIntellectual skillsPsychomotor skills AttitudesCognitive strategies

GOAL ANALYSIS FUNDAMENTAL STEPS

Step 1CLASSIFY THE GOAL

STATEMENT ACCORDING TO THE KIND OF

LEARNING THAT WILL OCCUR

Step 2IDENTIFY AND

SEQUENCE THE MAJOR STEP REQUIRED TO

PERFORM THE GOAL

VERBAL INFORMATION

First sampel goals :Given a list of cities, name the state of which each is

the capitalOnly one answer for each question and only one basic

way to ask question.No symbolic manipulation No problem solving or rule applyingRequire the learner to provide specific responses to

relatively specific questionCan be spotted by the types of verbs that are used e.g : state or list provide specific information or

describe something

The task for the learner is to store the information in memory during the instruction and remember it for the test.

INTELLECTUAL SKILLS Means expertise in certain field Defined as skills that require the learner to

do some unique cognitive activity Classified in 4 common types:

Discrimination Forming concepts Applying rules Solving problems

PROBLEM SOLVING

ILLSTRUCTURE

D

WELLSTRUCTURE

D

• Problems in which not all the data required for

a solution are readily available for the learner; and, even the nature of

the goal is not clear. • Multiple processes can

be used to reach a solution but no one

solution is considered as a correct solution.

• Typical •Usually considered to

be an application problem

PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLSInvolves the coordination of mental and

physical activityCharacterized by learners executing physical

actions, with or without equipment, to achieve specific results

For purposes of instructional analysis, if the learner must learn to perform new, valuable motor skills or performance depends on the skillful execution of a physical skill

E.g: setting up and operating a digital video camera

Equipment must be manipulated in a very specific way to successfully produce a quality video image

ATTITUDESAttitudes are described as the tendency to

make particular choices or decision.Instructional goals that focus on attitude can

be viewed as influencing learners to choose.An acquired internal state that influence the

choice of personal action toward some class of things, persons or events.

Represent intrinsically motivated choices people make.

Long-term goal.

COGNITIVE STRATEGIESThe metaprocesses that we use to manage our

thinking about things and manage our own learning.Some strategies are as straight forward as mentally

repeating the name of new acquaintances several times while visualing their faces.

A more complex cognitive strategy would be figuring out :

a) How to organize b) Cluster c) Remember d)Apply new information

GOAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURESStep-by-step style is the best technique for

person performing the goal.

straightforward

Step1

Step1

Step2

Step4

Step5

Step3?

Step2

Step3

Step4

Step5

Step6

Step7

YES

NO

Step1

Step2

Step3

Step4

Step5

Step6

Step7

M

M

Space problem – to drop down to the next line with your boxes and proceed backward from right to left with the description and numbering

22 33 44 55

2.12.1 2.22.2 2.32.3 5.15.1 5.25.2

11

The appropriate diagramming of substeps is shown in the generic diagram that follows:-

THE SUBSTEPS

SUGGESTION FOR IDENTIFYING STEPS WITHIN A GOALDescribe for yourself the kind of test item or

assessment you would use the to determine.Think about steps that learner would have to

go through to respond to your assesment or test.

Test yourself : Observe yourself , both in the physical and mental sense,performing the goal.

Note each of steps you go through and the decision you have to make.

CONCLUSIONThe goal analysis process is

begun only after we have a clear statement of the instructional goal.

Involve 2 steps in goal analysis process; which is to classify the goal and identify the major steps for learners to accomplish the goal into one of Gagne’s (1985) domains of learning.

Specific problem that should look during evaluation is the sequence of procedures or steps involved.