An Era of ExplorationChapter 3.1

Europeans were looking for a quicker, more direct water route to get to the East with all i ts gold, spices, and other treasures. They wanted a way that would not have to go through the Mediterranean with its Ital ian and Arab merchants.

Christopher Columbus, who most believe was born in Genoa, Italy, went to European monarchs looking for the money, ships, and men needed for an expedit ion to f ind this route by sail ing to the West. He had read the works of many others, such as Ptolemy, Marco Polo, and Eratosthenes; their ideas would suggest his westward route idea was feasible.

After a few years, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain named him Admiral of the Ocean Seas and gave him the t it le of Viceroy over what he would f ind.

Why is Columbus significant?His reaching the New World

• Gave hope for r iches in a new land

• Began trade between East and West

On the other hand, his journeys resulted in

•Greatly diminished native population

•Growth of transatlantic slave trade

1492-1504

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/columbus1.asp

Other Spanish ExplorersBalboa - reached the Pacif ic Ocean and claimed it

for Spain.

Some images from http://arch.ttu.edu/wiki/2011_Valparaiso_Acculturation_(1492-1540)_Spanish_Colonization#1513

1513-1519

Other Spanish ExplorersMagellan- circumnavigated the globe*

1519-1522

*Magellan was actually killed in the Philippines. Only 18 of his original 230 men returned to Spain over a year later.

Other Spanish Explorers

Hernando de Soto- traveled through FL to the MS River. We have a city(Hernando) and a county (de Soto) in MS named for him.

1538-1543

Other Spanish ExplorersCoronado Looking for the

“Seven Cities of Gold,” he explored Arizona, New Mexico, and the Grand Canyon.

1540- 1542

http://www.psi.edu/epo/coronado/coronadosjourney2.html

Spain Builds an EmpireChapter 3.2

Spanish Conquistadors

•Cortes all ied with local Indians and a woman named Malantzin.•Spaniards had superior weapons.•Montezuma invited them in and they took him hostage.•Large percentage of Aztecs were kil led by diseases brought by Europeans.

1519-1522

Cortes defeated the Aztecs in Mexico.

Spanish Conquistadors

•Many Incas lost to disease.•Incas were fighting a civi l war.

1531-1537

Pizarro defeated the Incas in Peru.

Settling “New Spain”

3 Kinds of sett lements•Pueblos•Presidios•Missions

5 Social Classes in New Spain

http://www.ccsdk12.org/doug/SS8/statetest/html/20090602book1.htm

Spanish gov’t gave land grants (encomiendas) to sett lers.They demanded hard labor from the Natives.

A priest named Bartolome de las Casas spoke up about mistreatment of the natives.Ironically, in his desire to help one group of people, he suggested the harm of another.

Africans were brought over as slaves on sugar plantations in the Caribbean and Brazil.

Early 1500’s

Colonizing North AmericaChapter 3.3

Northwest Passage

A direct water route to Asia was not found, so Europeans began to f ind ways to profit from the natural resources of America.

Religious Rivalries in Europe

In 1517 Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation when he posted his 95 Theses on the church door.

Another Protestant, John Calvin, developed a large following.

Religious Rivalries

Spanish and French monarchs- Catholic;

English and Dutch* monarchs- Protestant.

*Dutch-The Netherlands AKA Holland

Religious Rivalries

In the 1530’s, England and other countries set an established church, persecuting those who did not fol low.

(section 5)

New France

Samuel de Champlain set up a trading post at Quebec.

New France

France profited from fishing, trapping, and trading.

New France

Coureurs de bois were excellent trappers and traders, not sett lers.

New Netherland

The Dutch sett led along the Hudson River.New Amsterdam became New York City much later.

Furry Problem

Dutch and French created all iances with Indian groups to compete for control of fur trade.

Building the Jamestown ColonyChapter 3.4

Jamestown 1607

Seemed doomed at 1 s t… settlers were more interested in getting gold than growing crops.

Jamestown 1607

By 1619, tobacco had become profitable. Women & Africans were sent to Jamestown.

Jamestown 1607

The settlers began tradit ion of representative gov’t (House of Burgesses).

Seeking Religious FreedomChapter 3.5

Pilgrims wanted to separate from the Church of England. They later came to America on the Mayflower.

They set a precedent for religious freedom in our country.

They signed the Mayflower Compact to set up a gov’t with laws that would be for the good of the colony.

Problems/Help in Plymouth

They arrived too late in the season to plant.

Squanto and other natives helped the Pilgrims to plant and hunt native species.