Chapter 5 Smart electrical grid , Smart City Summer Course, AUST, 2015

Smart City : Concept and Solu3on AUST Summer Course 2015

Chapter 5 : Smart Electrical Grid Professor Isam SHAHROUR

Isam.shahrour@univ-‐lille1.fr

Ø Key figures Ø Electrical distribu2on system Ø Challenges of the electrical system Ø Electrical Smart Grid Ø Smart Grid demonstrator (SunRise)

Chapter organisa3on

Use of electricity in the world

Use of electricity in the world

Use of electricity Popula3on density

Sources of electricity in the world

Use of nuclear energy in electricity genera3on

Use of renewable energy in electricity genera3on

h>p://www.circleoDlue.org/waternews/2012/world/infographic-‐g20-‐renewable-‐energy-‐from-‐2002-‐to-‐2020/

G20 Renewable Energy from 2002 to 2020 Data 2012,

Use of renewable energy in electricity genera3on


Chapter organisa3on

(1)

(2)

(3) (5)

(4)

Electrical grid system

Lignes HTB (Haute Tension) (400 kV) Lignes HTA (Moyenne Tension) (63 à 225 kV) Ligne Basse Tension (230 et 400 V)

France (1)

(2)

(3)

(5)

(4) (6)

Electrical Grid – France

ERDF

RTE

11 August 2015

49 900 MW

33 300 MW

Electricity Consump3on in France

1 February 2015 74 600 MW

60 400 MW

Lebanon electrical system Electricity of Lebanon: •  Public establishment with an industrial and

commercial voca2on. •  Founded in 1966 •  Responsible for the genera2on, transmission

and distribu2on of the electricity in Lebanon. •  Controls over 90% of the Lebanese electricity

sector

Lebanon Other actors : •  hydroelectric power plants of Litani River

Authority, •  Concessions for hydroelectric power plants

such as Nahr Ibrahim and Al Bared •  Distribu2on concessions in Zahle, Jbeil, Aley,

and Bhamdoun.

Lebanon The transmission network consists of •  High voltage power lines (66, 150, and 220 kV ) • More than 1 615 km (1336 km of overhead lines and 279km of underground cables) of various voltages used for transmission and distribu2on.

•  58 power substa2ons conver2ng power from high voltage to medium voltage. •  Substa2ons conver2ng power from medium to low voltage (more than 15,000 transformers )

The government has contractually agreed to a three year service of two Turkish power ships that will provide 270 MW

Poor performance of the electrical system

1.   Aging power plants: •  The last power plant was installed in the early 2000s. •  Around 50% of the installed capacity is 20 to 40 years old (life span between 20 to 30 years ; requires con2nuous maintenance)

•  10% of the genera2on capacity is even over 40 years old

2. Lack of maintenance: Power plants are subject to long periods of opera2on at high loads with li>le maintenance which reduces their life2me and their efficiency.

3. Sub-‐op3mal fuel mix Beddawi and Zahrani (435 MW) are equipped with combined cycle gas turbines, which are designed to best operate using natural gas. Both use gas-‐oil which substan2ally reduces the plants’ efficiency and rapidly degrades the turbines.


4. Large Losses in Transmission and Distribu3on About 15% of the energy losses (8-‐10% in Western countries), due to : •  Lack of rehabilita2on of power lines •  inadequacy in the number of substa2ons


Technical Losses and Power Shortages in MW (2009), Copyrights: Carboun

Movies : A1 Follow Electricity's Journey Through the Transmission System A2 Understanding the electrical Grid B0 Smart Grid Programs for a Smarter Network B1 Smart Grid -‐ The Big Picture B2 What is the smart grid? -‐ by Scien2fic American B3 Smart Grid Data Management Solu2on


Chapter organiza3on

Challenges of the electrical system

The Interna2onal Energy Agency es2ma2on for 2030: -‐  over $6 trillion of investment in transmission and distribu2on and as much for genera2on.

-‐  5,087 GW of genera2ng capacity with 2,700 GW for developing countries (1,100 GW in China).

1. Growing power demand Combina2on of growing demand for electricity and the need to upgrade exis2ng equipment requires massive investment.

Department of Energy US


2. Integra3ng renewable energy The increase development of renewable energy requires development of innova2ve solu2ons (technology, storage, sonware, management skills) for an effec2ve integra2on of different sources into the electrical grid with addi2onal capacity in the response demand strategy.


3. Increase the efficiency of the system •  Around 66% of the primary energy is lost

in power conversion (genera2on), •  Up to 16% of the electricity is lost in the grid (US Energy Administra3on es3mated the cost of electrical lost to $20 billion in 2005).


4. Increase the reliability and stability of the grid The stability and reliability of the electrical supply is vital for industry, services and life quality. Supply faults could cause huge disturbance and economic lost.

Supply security (Electrical outage)

Outage over 100 MW

More than 50 000 Customer

h>p://www.forbes.com/sites/williampentland/2013/08/30/blackout-‐risk-‐tool-‐puts-‐price-‐tag-‐on-‐power-‐reliability/

US, the cost of electrical outages in 2012 $150 billions

2012

Our grids are old and our equipment is aging S. Robin Luo, vice president and blackout project manager at Har;ord Steam Boiler.

US, the cost of electrical outages in 2012 $150 billions

Energy Security US Blackout (2003)

•  50 Million people •  24 hours for full recovery •  Cost: $6 to $10 billion

Movie : A0 The Power Outage That Len 50 Million W o Electricity


5. Increase the compa3bility and standardiza3on Compa2bility is vital for interconnec2ng systems between countries or across con2nents.

Challenges of the electrical system 6. Update the grid to the new market (price varia3on) In an open electrical markets, the price of electricity could fluctuate widely by the hour or even by the minute. Innova2on is required to help users to beneficiate from these opportuni2es or (and) reduce their impact.

7. Decrease the peak demand : Huge save in the infrastructure

Deploying ba?ery storage in commercial buildings: opportuniAes and challenges, 5 June 2013 | Issue 3 By Amir Kavousian, JusAn Ho, Larry Win, and Heming Yip


Smart Energy system, op3mal management

Produc3on

Storage Smart Grid

Energy Consump3on


Chapter organisa3on

Movie B0 Smart Grid Programs for a Smarter Network

What is the Electrical Smart Grid ?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2)

(3)

Communica3on Fiber

Electrical lines

Substa3on monitoring

Ba`ery

Central Unit

Communica3on system

Smart short Circuit

Motor

Current Sensor

Voltage Sensor

1.  Op3mal management of the demand-‐response

•  Enhance the demand es2ma2on with regular update •  Enhance the es2ma2on of the energy sources availability (renewable energy and storage capacity included) and with regular update. This es2ma2on could by conducted at small and large scales.

•  Applica2on of incen2ve measurement (price varia2on) for the reduc2on of the peak consump2on.

•  Adapta2on of the electrical produc2on to the demand.

Smart Grid provides

2. Security and reliability Reduce and minimize the service fault using protec2on and control devices across the grid. •  Rapid localiza2on of the fault. •  Rapid and automa2c interven2on to confine the system

fault and limit its extension. •  Rapid repara2on and system re-‐start

Smart Grid provides

3. Enhance the resilience The smart grid enhances the electrical and urban system resilience: -‐  Develop a global understanding of the

electrical system and its interac2on with other systems (networks, end-‐users, environment,..)

-‐  Learn from the system failure (due to natural disaster, technical or human factors)

-‐  Improve the system capacity to face failure risk -‐  Improve the system self healing

Smart Grid provides

4. Increase the end-‐users involvement conver2ng “customers” into “prosumers”: •  The global informa2on system leads to be>er

usage adjustments and cost management. •  Consumers can use more efficiently local

produc2on and storage.

Smart Grid provides


Chapter organisa3on

Smart Grid pilot SunRise “Demonstrator of the Smart City”

SunRise -‐ Electrical Grid

Figure 1: The Electrical Grid of Lille 1 -‐ Scien3fic Campus / High Tension Lines (Red) & Low (Basse) Tension Lines (Blue)

19 Substa2ons

Electricity price 5 rates depending on the 3me of day and the season

Electrical Grid Network

A2

M6

HT: 20 kV

LT: 380 V

Supply

FAULT!!

Substa3on func3on (N)

Transformers Distribu3on Panel (TGHT)

Sub-‐Sta3on (N-‐1)

Sub-‐sta3on (N)

Sub-‐sta3on (N+1)

Substa3on func3on (N)

Transformer (High Tension to Low

Tension)

Buildings

Figure 7: Vertelis Sohware

Monitoring system

The system provides : •  Automa2c reading of energy indexes with automa2c repor2ng

•  Load curves •  Sta2s2cs (min, max, average, etc.) •  Events related to the energy quality •  Status of the system

Building C4 Month Consump3on [kWh] January 58,969 February 59,275 March 68,045 April 64,659 May 65,339 June 66,324 July 65,984 August 51,273 September 59,666 Total 559,534 kWh

1 800

1 900

2 000

2 100

2 200

2 300

2 400

Saturday,

Mon

day,

Wed

nesda

Friday,

Sund

ay,

Tuesday,

Thursday,

Saturday,

Mon

day,

Wed

nesda

Friday,

Sund

ay,

Tuesday,

Thursday,

Saturday,

Mon

day,

0 20 40 60 80

100 120

03/01/14

03/03/14

03/05/14

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03/23/14

03/25/14

03/27/14

03/29/14

03/31/14

kWh

Hourly Consump3on [March 2014]

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

kWh

Monthly Consump3on [March 2014]

Daily Consump3on [March 2014]

kWh

Example, Building C4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

03/01/14

03/02/14

03/03/14

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kWh

Hourly Consump3on [March 2014]

1 800 1 850 1 900 1 950 2 000 2 050 2 100 2 150 2 200 2 250 2 300 2 350

Saturday,

Mon

day,

Wed

nesday,

Friday, M

arch

Sund

ay,

Tuesday,

Thursday,

Saturday,

Mon

day,

Wed

nesday,

Friday, M

arch

Sund

ay,

Tuesday,

Thursday,

Saturday,

Mon

day,

Daily Consump3on [March 2014]

kWh

0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000

kWh

Monthly Consump3on (2014]

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

Friday, March 01,

2013

Monday, April 01, 2013

Wednesday, May 01, 2013

Saturday, June 01, 2013

Monday, July 01, 2013

Thursday, August 01,

2013

Sunday, September 01, 2013

Tuesday, October 01,

2013

Friday, November 01, 2013

Sunday, December 01, 2013

Wednesday, January 01,

2014

Saturday, February 01,

2014

Saturday, March 01,

2014

Tuesday, April 01, 2014

Consum

p3on

]kWh]

Date

Suscrip3on 5.2 MW

Conclusion -‐ Electrical Smart Grid

Major Challenges, because : -‐  Cri2cal infrastructure (ensure the electrical

supply) -‐  Aging infrastructure -‐  Increasing demand (Popula2on growth and

increase in the comfort)


Expecta3ons : -‐  Increase in the security (reduce the outage) -‐  Reduce the peak demand (pricing) -‐  Use of renewable energy -‐  Energy storage -‐  Improve the system efficiency -‐  Users informa2on and awareness

Conclusion -‐ Electrical Smart Grid The Smart Grid is the solu3on:

Smart Grid – NEMA Report (2011)

Conclusion -‐ Electrical Smart Grid The Smart Grid is the solu3on:

•  Be>er understanding of the demand and available resources

•  Op2mal management (produc2on, transport ,distribu2on and consump2on)

•  Increase in the security (real-‐2me control, self healing)

Conclusion -‐ Electrical Smart Grid The Smart Grid is the solu3on: •  Integra2on of renewable Energy •  Integra2on of energy storage •  Dynamic pricing (reduc2on of the peak demand and

reduc2on of the customers expenses) •  Op2miza2on of the investment (upgrade, moderniza2on,

extension,..)


The Smart Grid solu3on: Mature Technology

•  Already used around the world •  Very good experience in the implementa2on

Yet, we s3ll need more experience in •  The interac2on with customers •  Dynamic pricing (economic model)


The Smart Grid solu3on should be implemented in

both developed and developing countries

Movies : A1 Follow Electricity's Journey Through the Transmission System A2 Understanding the electrical Grid B0 Smart Grid Programs for a Smarter Network B1 Smart Grid -‐ The Big Picture B2 What is the smart grid? -‐ by Scien2fic American B3 Smart Grid Data Management Solu2on C1 SunRise Smart Electricity Daniel

Education

Chapter 5 Smart electrical grid , Smart City Summer Course, AUST, 2015