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Chapter 8 Section 2Fungi
Section 2: FungiA. Characteristics of Fungi:
1. Fungi can be food sources or ingredients; they can also grow on spoiling food or in damp places like shower curtains.
2. Can break down dead organisms.3. Scientists are not sure how fungi are
related to other organisms. a. Threadlike tubes called hyphae produce
enzymes for digestion.
Section 2: Fungi4. Classification of Fungi
a. Most fungi are saprohphytes.1. Feeding on dead or decaying material.
b. Some fungi are parasites1. obtaining their food directly from living
things.
c. Saprophytes and parasites do not make their own food!!!
1. They do not have roots or chlorophyll.
Section 2: Fungi5. How do Fungi Eat?
a. Fungi eat by secreting enzymes to digest the food outside itself; then the fungus cells absorb the digested food.
6. Most fungi are saprophytes, except:a. Ringworm and Athletes foot
(parasites)7. Fungi grow best in warm, dark, humid
areas.
Section 2: Fungi8. Fungi can reproduce both sexually and
asexually. a. In asexual reproduction, cell division
produces spores. (without fertilization)b. In sexual reproduction, the hyphae of
two genetically different fungi of the same species produce spores that differ genetically from both parents.
Section 2: FungiB. Classification of Fungi
1. Fungi are classified into four groups(our book uses three major classifications) based on the type of structure formed by the joining of hyphae.
a. Club Fungib. Sac Fungic. Zygote Fungid. Imperfect Fungi
Section 2: Fungi2. Club Fungi: Phylum Basidiomycota
a. Mushrooms (example)b. Produce spores in a club shaped structure
called a basidium; located on gills of mushroom. (slits under the cap of the mushroom).
c. Important food source for animals. d. NEVER EAT WILD MUSHROOMS.
1. They can be DEADLY!!!
Section 2: Fungi2. Club Fungi
Section 2: FungiHen of the woods AKA Ram’s head mushroom
Section 2: Fungi
3. Sac Fungi: Phylum Ascomycotaa. Yeasts, morels, and truffles (examples)b. Sac Fungi produce spores in a small, saclike
structure called an ascus; yeasts can also reproduce by budding.
c. Sac fungi cause diseases such as Dutch Elm Disease.
d. Yeast can reproduce 2 ways1. Spores2. Budding
e. Yeasts are used in baking.
Section 2: Fungi
3. Sac Fungi: Phylum Ascomycota
Section 2: Fungi
4. Imperfect Fungi: Phylum Deuteromycotaa. Some fungi like penicillin, are called
imperfect because they have never been observed reproducing sexually or they only reproduce asexually.
b. Examples1. Penicillum2. Ringworm3. Athletes Foot
Section 2: Fungi
4. Zygote Fungi: Phylum Zygomycotaa. A zygospore fungus produces spores in a round
case called a sporangium found on the tip of the hyphae.
1. When sporangia splits open 100s of spores are released into the air. If it lands in an OK environment it forms more mold.
b. Examples: 1. Bread Molds, fruit molds, and all molds.
Section 2: Fungi
4. Zygote Fungi: Phylum Zygomycota
Section 2: Fungi
C. Lichens1. Lichens are organisms composed of a fungus
and either a green alga or a cyanobacterium, they can appear crusty, leafy, or grow upright.
a. The fungus and cyanobacteria live together and both benefit.
2. Lichens can be an important food source for animals.
3. Lichens help rocks weather, or break down. 4. Since lichens are sensitive, they help scientists
monitor pollution levels.
Section 2: Fungi
C. Lichens
Section 2: Fungi
D. Fungi and Plants1. Some fungi form a hyphae network with
plant roots called mycorrhizae, this may have allowed plants to move from water to land about 500 million years ago.
a. The fungus helps the plant absorb more of certain nutrients from the soil better than the roots can on their own.
b. Certain plants cannot grow without the development of mycorrhizae.
Section 2: Fungi
E. Importance of Fungi1. Some fungi, such as cultivated mushrooms, are
food sources. 2. Many fungi, cause animal and plant diseases,
but they also produce antibiotics, such as penicillin, which can fight disease.
3. Fungi are important decomposers, recycling organic matter.
Section 2: Fungi
F. Red Tides1. A population explosion of dinoflagellates2. In 1987 there was a red tide from Florida to
Massachusetts3. Each dinoflagellate releases a different toxin –
fish & shellfish eat them – people eat them causing illness & death
4. Occurs when surface becomes heated & underlying water is cold
Section 2: Fungi
New Zealand Red Tide
