Biochemistry:The chemistry of life.ELEMENTS AND WATER

HYDROGEN AND

OXYGEN

CARBON, NITROGEN, PHOSPHOR

US

IRON SODIUM

SULPHUR CALCIUMPOTASSIU

MCHLORID

EHYDROGEN BOND

THERMAL 

COHESIVE SOLVENT

COOLANT

MEDIUM (FOR METABOLIC REACTIONS/

TRANSPORT) 

POLARITY

KEY WORDS

The Periodic Table for Biologists. The elements considered essential for life.

The most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

Carbon and hydrogen form the basis of organic molecules.

NITROGEN

Nitrogen is essential in amino acids and proteins = growth and repair

SULPHUR

found in some amino acids.

PHOSPHORUS

Phosphorous in phospholipids in cell membranes.

Phosphates as active part of ATP molecules (for energy)

Part of the DNA “backbone”

Iron

Animals: In haemoglobin it binds to oxygen.

Plants: Important in photosynthesis as a component of chlorophyll and ferredoxin.

Sodium and Potassium

Nerve impulses.

Osmotic gradients. Sodium ions form the main cation in blood plasma.

Nasodium

11

HYDROGEN Valency =1 Forms 1 bond Electronegativity of Oxygen causes polarity Water is a DIPOLAR molecule

Draw and label water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.

Negative Pole

Positive Pole

O

H

_

+ +

Covalent Bond

Covalent Bond

H

Draw and label water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.

Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.

O-

H+

H+ O-

H+

H+

O-H+ H+

O-H+

H+

O-H+H+

O-H+ H+

O-

H+

H+

Explain the properties of water

PROPERTY CAUSE IMPORTANCE

ADHESION HYDROGEN BONDS TRANSPIRATION

COHESION HYDROGEN BONDS TRANSPIRATION

SURFACE TENSION HYDROGEN BONDS HABITAT

HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACTIY

HYDROGEN BONDS STABILITY FOR HOMEOSTASIS

HIGH LATENT HEAT OF VAPORISATION

HYDROGEN BONDS EVAPORATIVE COOLING

SOLVENT POLARITY TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES

DENSITY OF ICE HYDROGEN BONDS ICE FLOATS PROTECTS HABITAT

Explain these images and relate them to the properties of water.

Try these questions:1. What are hydrogen bonds? (3)

2. Why does salt dissolve in water but oil does not? (2)

3. multiple choice:

Make your notes: V/S = Mindmap M/L= Table V/S= Images and colour M/L. Mus= Note how many and find a

pattern Nat= give exaples from nature Inter.Ling= teach it! Mus= sing it