Child development (Part II)

Child Development

By CEDeN

Date: 14th & 28th November, 2010Time: 10:30a.m-12:00a.mVenue: Room 4, British Council

Review of the previous term

What did we learn at the last term?????

Cont: ReviewDefinition of Child Development

*biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between birth and end of adolescence*

Cont: ReviewThree Major Issues in Developmental

Psychology

Nature vs. NurtureEarly Experiences vs. late experiencesContinuity vs. discontinuity

Cont: Review5 Aspects of Child Development

o Physical Growtho Motor Developmento Cognitive/Intellectual Developmento Social-emotional Developmento Language

Cont: ReviewTemperament and Child’s

Personality

Personality: complex of all attributes—behavioral, temperamental, emotional & mental—that characterize a unique individual

Temperament: a set of in-born traits that organize the child’s approach to the world

Cont: ReviewThe 9 Temperament Traits1. Activity Level2. Distractibility3. Intensity4. Regularity5. Sensory Threshold6. Approach /Withdrawal7. Adaptability 8. Persistence9. Mood

The END

Today ???????????????????

Pre-test

Birth OrderBreak Out Groups

Does birth order matter?

What are the differences between siblings based on birth?

Birth Order

Typical Characteristics

Only Child Spoiled Feels incomplete May feel special Self-centered Relies on service from others Feels unfairly treated when doesn’t get own

way May refuse to cooperate Plays “divide and conquer” to get own way

First Child Used to being center of attention Believes must gain and hold superiority May respond to second child by feeling unloved Strives to keep parents’ attention, if failed, misbehave May development competent, responsible or

discouraged Strives to protect and help others Strives to please

Second Child Never has parents’ undivided attention Always has sibling ahead who’s more

advanced If 1st child is good, 2nd may become bad. May be rebel Often doesn’t like position Feel squeezed if 3rd child is born May push down other siblings

Middle Child of Three Has neither rights of oldest nor privileges of youngest Feels life is unfair Feels unloved Feels doesn't have place in family Becomes discouraged and problem child Is adaptable Learns to deal with both oldest and youngest sibling

Youngest Child• Behaves like only child• Feels everyone more capable• Expects others to do things• Feels smallest and weakest• Becomes boss of family in getting service• Develops feelings of inferiority • Remains “the baby”• If youngest of three, allies with oldest against middle

child

Group Discussion

WHAT IS SIMILAR/ WHAT IS DIFFERENT IN YOUR CULTURE ABOUT BIRTH ORDER?

PARENTINGthe process of promoting and

supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.

the activity of raising a child rather than the biological relationship.

Parenting Strategies For Very Intense Children Provide activities such as warm bath, massage, water

play, stories.

Recognize signal that intensity is rising.

Help child learn to recognize signal that intensity is rising.

Use humor to diffuse intensity.

Teach child to use time-out to calm self-down.

Avoid reacting intensely to his/her behavior. Give calm, clear, brief feedback.

Parenting Strategies for Slow-to-Adapt Children Establish clear routines.

Prepare child by discussing plans for the day when routine changes.

Prepare child for transitions.

Give warnings a few minutes before transition from one activity to next occurs.

Allow time for closure of one activity before going on to next.

Stay aware of number of transitions required, and keep transitions to minimum if possible.

Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Depression• Frequent sadness, tearful, crying• Increased anger• Decreased interest in once-favorite

activitiessi• Low energy• Frequent complaints of physical illness• Social isolation• Changes in sleep habits


Risk of SuicideOutcome of depression. When a

teenager talks about it, the risk is real. Children should understand that if a sibling or friend discusses suicide, it should be called to the attention of an adult. A suicidal gesture should not be viewed as attention getting, but as cry for help.


Generalized Anxiety DisorderThose who with this experience

extreme, unrealistic worry that does not seem to be related. They are very self-conscious, feel tense, have a strong need for reassurance and complain about stomachaches or discomforts that don’t appear to have physical basis.


Phobiaso Unrealistic & excessive fear of

situationo Eg. Center on animals, storms, watero They are terrified of being judged

harshly.o Young people with phobias avoid the

situation


Panic Disorder Is marked by repeated panic attack Periods of intense fear Pounding heartbeat, sweating,

dizziness, nausea Avoid any situation that seems to

bring a panic Child: not want to go to school Be separated from parents


Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Child with this trapped in a reparative thoughts and behaviors.

They may agree that they are senseless and distressing.

Very hard to stop.Repeated hand washing, counting,

arranging and rearranging.


Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Can develop after experiencing very stressful event.

Such as physical or sexual abuse, being a secondary victim, being caught in disaster.

Experience the event again and again in strong memories, flashbacks.

Try to avoid anything associated with trauma.

Overreact, have difficulty sleeping

Impact of Trauma on the ChildYour world has changed.

How are you handling it?

“Reflection for us”

Impact of Trauma on the Child1. The first step in taking care of

your child is taking care of yourself.

2. Stay connected. Keep in touch with family and friends. Share your feelings, fears and concerns.

Maintain your daily routine as best you can.

Eg. Turn off TV & radio if they are making you anxious

Contd:3. Tune into yourself.Stress is a normal part of everyday life.

4. Helping your child cope.The primary role of parents is to protect

children.

5. Do things together that feel good.Eg. Laugh and be silly together.

Any questions????????????????????????

RECAP

What did we learn ?

Post-test

The END: We ALL are awarding!

Education

Child development (Part II)