Upload
jordanlachance
View
93
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
#1: Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one subject
and one verb I like to study grammar.
A simple sentence is also called an independent clause.
An independent clause ends with a period or semicolon.
Simple Sentences Examples:
Carol’s sweater is red.You and Alex need to be quiet.
Ms. Bennett did a cartwheel and a backflip.
#2: Compound Sentence A compound sentence is made up of
two or more simple sentences joined by one of the following:
A comma and a coordinating conjunction I like to study grammar, and I love this class.
A semicolon I like to study grammar; I love this class.
A semicolon and an adverbial conjunction I like to study grammar; therefore, I love this class.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions are used to join together two independent clauses.
Examples: For And Nor But Or Yet So
Two independent clauses joined together
I love you, and you love me.
Independent clause
Independent clause
Semicolons
“If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON
Kelsey has benefited from her writing exercises; she has good grammar and
punctuation.
Tiffany works in San Francisco; she runs The Duck.
Elaine pays attention in class; she takes copious notes
COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Thomas is cool; moreover, he is fashionable
.
Luke’s grandmother buys him sweaters; however, he does not wear them.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
#3: Complex Sentence#3: Complex Sentence A complex sentence is a simple
sentence (independent clause) to which a part of a sentence (dependent clause) has been added. Because I l ike to study grammar, I
love this class. I love this class because I l ike to study
grammar.
A dependent clause joined to an independent clause. (The dependent clause needs the rest of the
sentence for support.)
Because you love me, I love you.
Dependent clause
Independent clause
A dependent clause contains a subject and verb. It begins with a subordinating conjunction, and thus it does not express a completed thought. A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.
Dependent clauses, like babies, cannot stand alone.
Because you love me.
Fragment!
A Tip on Punctuation Since dependent clauses are only part of
a sentence, you can never connect them to another sentence with a semicolon. Semicolons are only used between two independent clauses. I have loved you for years ; although I never
admitted it. I have loved you for years, although I never
admitted it. OK
No!
Common Subordinating (Dependent) Conjunctions
after even if now that that where
although even though
once though whereas
as if rather than unless wherever
as if whenever since until whetherbecause in order
thatso that when which
before than in case while
Complex Sentences Examples:
When Trey was little, he played with blocks.
After class, good students study. If I pass 1A, I will take 1B. Use the stairs in case of fire. Ava stands at the bottom of the cliff
while the climber moves up the rock.
#4: Compound/Complex Sentence#4: Compound/Complex Sentence A compound/complex sentence is the
last and most complicated type of sentence. It is composed by combining a compound sentences with a complex sentence.
It contains at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses.
A dependent clause added to two or more independent clauses
Because we are a family, I love you, and you love me.
2 independent clauses
Dependent clause
Compound Complex SentencesExample:
Laura forgot her friend’s birthday, so she sent her a card when she finally remembered.
Simple Compound
Complex Compound/complex
Every sentence in English fits into one of these four categories,
Think You’ve Got It? 1 independent clause = simple sentence
Don’t’ forget: These can have compound subjects and predicates!
2 independent clauses = compound sentence
1 or more dependent clause + 1 independent clause = complex sentence
2 or more independent clauses + 1 or more dep. clause = compound complex sentence
Simple, Compound, or Complex? The teacher walked into the classroom,
greeted the students, and took attendance.
Simple, Compound, or Complex? The teacher walked into the classroom,
greeted the students, and took attendance.
SIMPLE: Subject: “the teacher” Compound Predicate “walked into the
classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.”
Simple, Compound, or Complex? Juan played football while Juanita went
shopping. COMPLEX
Independent Clause: Juan played football Subordinate Clause: while (subordinating
conjunction) Juanita went shopping.
Simple, Compound, or Complex? Juan played football, yet Juanita went
shopping. COMPOUND
Juan played football, yet (coordinating conjunction)
Juanita went shopping.
Simple, Compound, or Complex? After Reggie passed the test, he went
to the bar to celebrate! COMPLEX
After (subordinating conjunction) Reggie passed the test,
he went to the bar to celebrate!
CONGRATULATIONS!
YOU NOW KNOW EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW • To write anything you want to write • Any way you want to write it• And still get the punctuation right each time!
Writing SentencesWrite two of each kind of sentence and post them for homework. Make the sentences relevant to your essay #1 outline.1.Simple2.Compound3.Complex4.Compound-complex
Example of Sentence Homework 1. Simple
1. I love to travel.2. The plane twisted and stalled.
2. Compound1. I crawled out of the wreckage, and I saw a man and a woman who appeared to
be dead.2. I stumbled toward them to check; neither one was breathing.
3. Complex1. Wherever I looked, I saw more motionless people.2. After recovering from my shock, I headed toward the back of the plane.
4. Compound Complex1. Because I didn’t know what kind of danger I might face, I had difficulty choosing
a weapon from among the many I found, but I settled on a small knife.2. Rather than wear my tennis shoes, I grabbed a pair of waterproof hiking boots
from an open suitcase; however, I did not grab the socks that lay next to them.
REVIEW: How to AnswerThe In-Class Essay Question
Write an essay arguing for the supplies you have chosen to take with you into the wild. Present the issue to readers, and develop an argument for the purpose of confirming, challenging, or changing your readers’ views on which supplies are the most important for survival.
Your final essay should be around 500 words. This will be around four pages, hand written. This, of course, is an estimate. Handwriting varies greatly. Between three and six pages will likely be the norm for this essay.
Good Luck! May the odds be ever in your favor
Introduction and Thesis
Focus your presentation of the issue: Your introduction should explain to the reader both the situation you face and why you have limited resources.
Thesis: Compose a thesis that makes your position unambiguous, appropriately qualified, and clearly arguable. (Your thesis will likely be near the end of your introduction).
Body Paragraphs
Paragraph one: topic sentence supporting your first item. Give reasons for your choice and support them with
examples, scenarios, or anecdotes. Paragraph two: topic sentence supporting your second
item. Give reasons for your choice and support them with
examples, scenarios, or anecdotes. Additional Paragraphs: Repeat using the same or similar
strategies
Counterargument:
Write a counterargument that addresses why you wouldn’t take the items the other people in your group think are very important. You should address specific tools others in your group chose to take. You may do this in each body paragraph as you argue for your choice, or you may do it as a separate paragraph after you finish arguing for your tools.
For example, you might start by writing, “while some people
might prefer a sleeping bag, I found it to be a poor choice compared to the blanket.” Then you can explain why.
Conclusion:
If your adventure is over, describe how it ended and how you have recovered, suffered, or benefitted from it.
OR If the adventure is ongoing, consider predicting your
future in the wild. What are you chances of success? What do you see as your biggest challenge? How might you fail?
Watch the brief video on the next slide for more help with writing an argument essay
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lzGy5gizKg