1. Contingency Action Plan Presented By : Numaan Tole Zoher Jetpurwala Samraiz Tejani

2. The Meaning A process, in anticipation of potential crises, of developing strategies, arrangements and procedures to address the humanitarian needs of those adversely affected by crises. The output of the contingency planning process is the contingency plan. A contingency plan is the synthesis of the discussions, analysis and, most importantly, decisions made during the planning process. It is also a means of communicating these ideas to people who may not have been involved in the planning process. Written contingency plans also document, and in some cases formalise, commitments made during the planning process. 1 3. At their simplest level, contingency plans answer some basic questions about a potential situation. These include: What could happen? What would be needed to alleviate the situation? How would action be taken? What materials, supplies and staff would be needed? What preparation is necessary? How much will it cost? 2 4. Identifying And Assessing Contingencies Disaster contingency planning starts with considering the types of situations that can disrupt the current scenarios in your county. Identifying and assessing common disasters is essential for planning how to respond and minimize the effect. Identify the top five most probable problems that might occur regardless of whether the event has ever actually occurred. Once these events are identified, the next step involves developing an action plan specific to each emergency scenario and establishing procedures to be followed. We will introduce some of the common risks and situations that may occur and provides links to resources for additional information. 3 5. Natural Disasters And Severe Weather Avalanche Thunderstorms and lightning Floods Landslide and debris flow Earthquakes Wildfires Tornadoes Extreme Heat Winter storms and extreme cold 4 6. Manmade Disasters And Other Risks Terrorist hazards Explosions Biological threat Chemical threat Technological and accidental hazards Blackouts Hazardous materials incidents. Influenza pandemic Pests/infestations 5 7. Key Elements Of A Contingency Plan 1. Response strategy: Based on the scenarios a response strategy is developed, including specific intervention objectives and targets, including beneficiary numbers. The response strategy links the scenarios and the subsequent plans. 2. Implementation plan: While the response strategy defines what is to be achieved, the implementation plan defines how it is going to be achieved. Thus, the response strategy defines appropriate interventions or programmes; the implementation plan defines how these programmes will be implemented (e.g. using community-based targeting and partnership with local governments) and the steps required (e.g. emergency needs assessment and logistics). 3. Operational support plan: The operational support plan sets out the administrative, logistical and other support requirements of a response. 6 8. 4. Preparedness plan: Almost inevitably during the planning process, actions to improve preparedness for both specific and general crises are identified. In some exercises, these actions become the focus of planning efforts because they can have the biggest potential impact on actual responses. The results of this process, often called preparedness planning, are then consolidated into a preparedness plan. 5. Budget: Finally, a budget is developed, both for preparedness and for the actual responses that have been planned. 7 9. Contingency Planning Processes The Linear Model: In this process, the first step requires analysis of the hazards and risks faced by a population, to develop a better appreciation of the types of situation that require contingency planning. This is followed by a specific prioritisation of contingencies (possible situations). For each of these contingencies, scenarios are developed, and form the basis for a contingency plan. Finally, preparedness actions defined in the plan are implemented, and the plan is periodically updated. 8 10. The continuum model: The continuum approach envisages contingency planning as an ongoing process that does not finish with the activation of the emergency response. Since the situation can evolve rapidly, ongoing contingency planning helps emergency managers anticipate and prepare for different possibilities. As the response moves towards recovery and the support of durable solutions to the crisis, contingency planning again helps humanitarian actors anticipate and prepare for the evolving situation. The cycle is complete when lessons from the response are incorporated back into the contingency planning process, and it is triggered again when early warning mechanisms indicate the onset of the next crisis. 9 11. When To Focus On Different Elements Of A Contingency Plan 12. Sample Contingency Plan Emergency Water For Refugees : 11 13. Conclusion & Challenges For The Future Contingency planning can bring significant benefits to humanitarian response. It helps identify and prioritise preparedness activities, and the process itself can be a useful exercise in information preparedness. It also helps maintain and improve the coordination mechanisms that are so important in an emergency. It can identify indicators and help focus early warning efforts, while contingency plans linked to early warning systems can help translate early warning into early action. Contingency planning experts and practitioners see the benefits of the contingency planning process, and it shows that humanitarian organisations have made significant efforts to improve and mainstream contingency planning and emergency preparedness. It has also identified some significant challenges, which need to be addressed if further progress is to be made. With a view to contributing to this process, some of the key challenges ahead, and makes recommendations for addressing them. 12 14. Gratitude 13 15. References https://www.ifrc.org https://www.odihpn.org https://ipcc-wg2.gov http://www.wcpt.org/ 14