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1
PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS ON
INTEGERS
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
2
Temperature
Temperature
• is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object.
• indicates that heat flows from the object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature.
• is measured using a thermometer.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3
Temperature Scales
Temperature Scales
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
• have reference points for the boiling and freezing points of water.
4
A. What is the temperature of freezing water?
1) 0°F 2) 0°C 3) 0 K
B. What is the temperature of boiling water?
1) 100°F 2) 32°F 3) 373 K
C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and freezing points of water?
1) 100 2) 180 3) 273
Learning Check
5
A. What is the temperature of freezing water?
2) 0°C
B. What is the temperature of boiling water?
3) 373 K
C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and freezing points of water?
1) 100
Solution
6
• On the Fahrenheit scale, there are 180°F between the freezing and boiling points and on the Celsius scale, there are 100°C.
180°F = 9°F = 1.8°F 100°C 5°C 1°C
• In the formula for the Fahrenheit temperature, adding 32 adjusts the zero point of water from 0°C to 32°F.
TF = 9/5 TC + 32
or
TF = 1.8 TC + 32
Fahrenheit Formula
7
• TC is obtained by rearranging the equation for TF.
TF = 1.8TC + 32
• Subtract 32 from both sides.
TF - 32 = 1.8TC ( +32 - 32)
TF - 32 = 1.8TC
• Divide by 1.8 = °F - 32 = 1.8 TC
1.8 1.8
TF - 32 = TC
1.8
Celsius Formula
8
Solving A Temperature Problem
A person with hypothermia has abody temperature of 34.8°C. What is that temperature in °F?
TF = 1.8 TC + 32
TF = 1.8 (34.8°C) + 32° exact tenth's exact
= 62.6 + 32° = 94.6°F tenth’s Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
9
The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8°F. What is that temperature on the Celsius scale?
1) 73.8°C
2) 58.8°C
3) 41.0°C
Learning Check
10
3) 41.0 °C
TC = (TF - 32°) 1.8
= (105.8 - 32°) 1.8
= 73.8°F = 41.0°C 1.8°
Solution
11
A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455°F. What temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
1) 423°C
2) 235°C
3) 221°C
Learning Check
12
A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455°F. What temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?
2) 235°C
TF - 32° = TC 1.8
(455 - 32°) = 235°C 1.8
Solution
13
On a cold winter day, the temperature is –15°C.What is that temperature in °F?
1) 19°F
2) 59°F
3) 5°F
Learning Check
14
3) 5°F
TF = 1.8 TC + 32
TF = 1.8(–15°C) + 32°= – 27 + 32°= 5°F
Note: Be sure to use the change sign key on your calculator to enter the minus – sign. 1.8 x 15 +/ – = –27
Solution
15
The Kelvin temperature scale• has 100 units between the freezing and boiling points
of water. 100 K = 100°C or 1 K = 1°C
• is obtained by adding 273 to the Celsius temperature.
TK = TC + 273
• contains the lowest possible temperature, absolute zero (0 K).
0 K = –273°C
Kelvin Temperature Scale
16
Temperatures
TABLE 2.5
17
What is normal body temperature of 37°C in Kelvins?
1) 236 K
2) 310. K
3) 342 K
Learning Check
18
What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins?
2) 310. K
TK = TC + 273
= 37°C + 273
= 310. K
Solution