1. Pheng Sengxua Ben SamsonHeafee Stephan

2. Objectives Design integrated best-bet management options for rainfed transplanted anddirect-seeded rice and selected post-rice crops with farmers (including the useof appropriate machinery) Execute and evaluate participatory and adaptive experiments adapt and fine-tune best-bet management options oriented towardsconservation agriculture Conduct on-farm and on-station experiments to refine the basis of systemsunderstanding with a particular focus on crop, soil, and water interactions Soil amendment options and threshold boundaries Improved cultivars Crop establishment-weed interactions and their consequences Optimized rice-forage-livestock systems 3. 2010 Activities1. Water and nutrient response studies in the rainfed lowland rice environment in Savannakhet and Champasack provinces Water regime W1: Rainfed conditions (no supplementary watering) W2: Supplementary watering when needed Fertilizer regime Not fertilized Fertilized (60-15-15) Varieties Savannakhet: PNG-1, TSN-2, TDK-6 Champassak: PNG-3, PNG-5, TDK-1 4. 2010 Activities (cont)2. Soil quality improvement options On-station experiment Treatments: Single rice crop (control), no other treatment Single rice crop + clay (Bentonite) low rate (1 t ha-1) Single rice crop + clay (Bentonite) high rate (2 t ha-1) Single rice crop + clay (Bentonite) low rate + OM application Single rice crop + clay (Bentonite) low rate + Vigna unguiculatapost-rice foodder crop 3. Multi-location trial Lao improved rice variety (five varieties) 5. Activity in 2011 DSOutput Title of activity LocationProvince District village2.1.1Study the effect of different rice-basedSavannakhet33 crop rotation systems on productivity of rainfed lowlands in Southern Laos (special focus on economics) Champasack 242.2.1Study methods of soil moisture SavannakhetOutoumphon Nachan conservation Champasack PakxePhonngam2.2.2Study the effect of method of soil Champasack PhonthongOupalard preparation on performance of grain legumes 6. Activity in 2011 WSOutput Title of activity Location ProvinceDistrict Village2.1.1Study the effect of different rice- Savannakhet33 based crop rotation systems Champasack 2 42.1.2Multi-location varietySavannakhet3 6 testing/evaluation Champasack 3 8 7. Activity in 2011 WS (cont)Output Title of activity LocationProvince District Village2.1.3Direct seeding/dibbling in wetSavannakhet1 1 (2F) season2.1.4Tested the best practices ofSavannakhet3 4 lowland rice production systems (GAP), further develop the print Champasack 3 6 materials2.2.3Aerobic rice variety selection in Savannakhet2 3 (15F) Nong and Xepon 8. Activity in 2012 DS Output Title of activityLocationProvince Districtvillage2.1.1 Study the effect of different rice-based Savannakhet47 (34f)crop rotation Champasack 34 (15f)2.2.1 Study methods of soil moisture Savannakhet Outoumphon Nachanconservation ChampasackParkxe Phonengam2.2.4 Perennial rice line screening andSavannakhet Xeporn ThakhongselectionChampasackParkxe Phonengam2.2.5 Improved sandy soil by bentonteSavannakhet Kaison ThasanoapplicationChampasackParkxe PhornngamDirect seedlingChampasackParkxe Phornngam 9. Activity in 2012 WSMile- Activity descriptionstone2.1.2 Test new drought tolerant IRRI lines on-station. Sort out the list with other sets already tested bythe colleagues. This material contains IR64 MAS lines with a very effective drought QTL.2.1.3 Multi-location variety testing/evaluation, including a few lowland in the upland sites.2.1.4 Testing and participatory evaluation for drill seeded rainfed rice, including weed control.Treatments are + and ++ fertilizer, and + and herbicide, but with normal soil preparation.2.1.5 Perennial rice line screening and selection2.1.6 Advanced upland rice variety testing, possibly combined at selected sites with new direct seedingtechnique;2.2.3 Soil quality improvement (bentonite application on sandy soils) and post-rice crop2.2.5 Site specific nutrient management for lowland rice / field trials, data base development andanalysis;4.3 Seed production in the dry season and dissemination of mini-rice kits for TDK-SUB1 variety (WSactivity) including. Distributed according to flooding map and accompanied by info-flyer. 10. Water and nutrient response studies 11. Grain yield responses to fertilizer application in waternon-limiting growing conditionsSavannakhet provinceAverage Yield (kg/ha)* Ave. yield Ave. % yield DistrictVillage Fertilized Unfertilizedincreaseincrease (kg/ha)Outhomphone Nachan 3,753 2,4471,30653.38 Pintai4,199 2,4091,79074.30Nadeua 3,881 1,9781,90396.21PhalanxayPhorntarn 2,702 1,979 724 36.61AtsaphoneNongdeun5,314 3,1712,41367.58 Average 3,970 2,3971,62767.88Champassak provinceSanasombouneNalak3,840 3,27356717.34Nakeo3,644 2,490 1,154 46.35PakseSongnoi 4,288 2,912 1,376 47.25 PhonethongPhonesavan3,979 2,620 1,359 51.87 Upplart 4,169 3,093 1,076 34.79Average3,984 2,878 1,106 38.43 12. Soil quality improvement options 13. Grain yield Phone Ngame station TreatmentMean T1 Control 2547 T2 Bentonite 1t/ha 2894 T3 Betonite 2t/ha2794 T4 Bentonie 1t/ha + 0M 2 t 2705 T5 Bentonine 1t/ha + Vigna 2687 T6 Bentonite 3t/ha 3007 14. Grain yield Thasano station TreatmentMean T1 Control 1666 T2 Bentonite 1t/ha 3254 T3 Betonite 2t/ha3453 T4 Bentonie 1t/ha +0M 2 t1628 T5 Bentonine 1t/ha + vigna 2239 15. Multi-location trial Laoimproved rice variety 16. Fig2. Yield at Phanomxay VillageThaphalanxay Dist 2010 WS25002000Yield (kg/ha)15001000 5000TSN1 TSN2TSN3TSN8 Khao KhaoVariety 17. Fig 5. Mean yield between Nongmakyor and Hieng village6000NongmakyorHieng50004000Yield (kg/ha)300020001000 0PNG1PNG3PNG5 PNG6 TDK1 Varieties 18. Rice-based crop rotation systems (Post-rice) 19. Crop yield and income of farmers in different rice-based crop rotation systems (Phorntarn village,Phalanxay district) Treatment Crop yield (kg/ha) WS 2010 DS 2010-11 WS 2011WS 2010DS 2010-2011WS(Rice)post rice crop 2011 income Kip (Rice) RiceNonRice1.1280 1247 RiceSweet corn Rice1.128 4,880,0002871 RiceLong beanRice1.128 2,100,0002336 RiceCucumber Rice1.128 3,360,0002765 20. Crop yield and income of farmers (Xesavang village, Phin district)TreatmentCrop yield (kg/ha)WS DS 10-11 WSWS DS 10-11 post rice crop WS20102011 2010Fresh yield income(Kip) 2011Rice NonRice 1,70000 1,353Rice Peanut Rice 1,700Disease0 2,800Rice Sweet corn (Sc)Rice 1,70010,832 b58,593,750 b 3,009Rice Water melon (Wm) Rice 1,700 155,810 a 229,315,313 a 2,919Rice Wc+WmRice 1,700 138,482 a 206,792,969 a 2,542Probability *** *** 21. Rice yield and income of farmer (Nongmangovillage, Soukhuma District) 22. Crop yield and income of farmers (Heng village,Soukkhuma district)TreatmentRice DS 2010-2011 postRice yield rice crop incomeyield(kg/ha) Kip/ha(kg/ha)WS DS 2010- WS 2011 WS 2010 WS 20112010 11Rice NonRice 2.750 0 2,500Rice Peanut Rice 2.7505,000,0003,800Rice Sweet corn Rice 2.7508,000,0003,200Rice Long bean Rice2.750 71,500,0003,700Rice Cucumber Rice 2.750 35,000,0004,900Rice NonRice+2.750 0 5,200NPK 23. Results 5000.00 4500.00 Grain yield (kg/ha) 4000.00 3500.00 3000.00 2500.00 No tillage 2000.00 Tillage1500.00Transplanted 1000.00 500.00 0.00TDK1 TDK11 PNG5 TSN2 Rice variety 24. Results SavannakhetNakasoPhornyanangFP FP FYM45004500 FYMFYM+NPK4000 FYM+NPK40003500Grain yield (kg/ha)3500Grain yield (kg/ha)30003000250025002000 20001500150010001000 500500 00 TDK1 TDK11 PNG3 TSN2TDK1 TDK11 PNG3 TSN2 Variety Variety 25. Results (cont) Phornthong district (average of 3 farmers Variety FPFYMFYM+NPK PNG13381.782592.002759.11 PNG32981.362642.752896.80 PNG53152.713054.173095.23 26. Results (cont) SoukhumaFP5000FYMFYM+NPK4000Grain yield (kg/ha)3000200010000PNG1PNG3 PNG5Variety 27. Yield response to inorganic fertilizerNakaso PhornyanangFertilizer rate Yield Fertilizer rateYieldNP2 O 5K2O (kg/ha)NP2 O 5 K 2 O(kg/ha)00 0 2268.90 0 0 3212.4 b974740 2934.0 9347 9 4277.1 a 1296353 3172.81256213 4276.4 a 1627967 2502.61567816 4298.3 aCV14.977.07 LSD566.94Prob.ns ** 28. Yield response to inorganic fertilizerSukhumaMullapamork Fertilizer rateYield Fertilizer rate Yield NP2 O 5 K2O (kg/ha) N P2 O 5 K 2 O(kg/ha) 000 1170.0 b0 0 02669.7 c97 47 42 2507.3 a 9246403808.7 b12963 56 2581.7 a 122 62534081.0 b16179 69 3422.3 a 152 78674476.7 a CV 16.513.35LSD1209380.76 Prob.**** 29. Yield response to inorganic fertilizerPhornthongPhinFertilizer rateYieldFertilizer rateYield(kg/ha) (kg/ha) NP2 O 5 K2ONP2O5 K2O 000 2510.9 b0 00 2913.5 c91 43 35 3049.3 ab8133 454513.9 b12157 473507.0 a 10944 604899.5 ab15171 583903.1 a 13655 75 5188.0 a CV10.047.14LSD985.40624.68Prob.**** 30. Conclusions There were only grain yield response to fertilizer but not to waterregime No any effect of bentonite on rice yield in both first and secondseasons TSN1 and TSN3 gave higher yield in Phanomxay district PNG1 and PNG5 gave greater yield in Hieng village but not inNongmango village (PNG3) Post rice crops could increase farmers income and also shown someeffect on rice yield in almost all locations Most of the sites of SSNM could not achieve yield target Low rice yield under GAP due farmers could not follow the 7 steps 31. Integration with other components Evaluation of rice variety use by farmers after the trial (Upland,lowland and flooded tolerance) and farmers income with socio-economic component Train PAFO and DAFO staff on experimental layout, data analysis,report writing and presentation skill with KS Demonstrate post-rice cropping systems, nutrient management on theintegrated sites Conduct some experiment on water management with watercomponent