Revival of the Church Revival of the Church + The Crusades+ The Crusades

Origins of Church Reforms Origins of Church Reforms (11(11th-th-1313thth C) C)

Corruption: wealth + Corruption: wealth + secular influencesecular influence

Church Revival: origin Church Revival: origin in monasteriesin monasteries

Monastery of Cluny Monastery of Cluny (910) + Cluniac (910) + Cluniac reformsreforms

3 central problems: 3 central problems: Married priests, Married priests, simony, + lay simony, + lay investitureinvestiture

New Religious Orders: The New Religious Orders: The CisteriansCisterians

Origin + purposeOrigin + purpose Strict asceticismStrict asceticism Agricultural Agricultural

innovationsinnovations Carta CaritatisCarta Caritatis Bernard of Bernard of

Clairvaux Clairvaux

The Franciscan OrderThe Franciscan Order Friar vs. MonkFriar vs. Monk St. Francis of AssisiSt. Francis of Assisi Mystical visionsMystical visions Life of povertyLife of poverty Spreading the Spreading the

gospel + serving gospel + serving the poorthe poor

Poor Clares Poor Clares StigmataStigmata

The Dominican OrderThe Dominican Order

DominicDominic Combating heresyCombating heresy Core values: Core values:

education and education and preachingpreaching

InquisitionsInquisitions Franciscans vs. Franciscans vs.

DominicansDominicans Orders of Papal Orders of Papal

controlcontrol

Papacy: A Religious Papacy: A Religious MonarchyMonarchy

Leo XILeo XI Gregory VII Gregory VII

(Hildebrand): Papal (Hildebrand): Papal SupremacySupremacy

Henry IV: Investiture Henry IV: Investiture ControversyControversy

Concordat of WormsConcordat of Worms (1122)(1122)

The Curia + Canon The Curia + Canon LawLaw

Innocent III: Height of Innocent III: Height of the Papacythe Papacy

Political authority: Political authority: power over Kingspower over Kings

44thth Lateran Council Lateran Council (1215)(1215)

CrusadesCrusades Boniface VIII + Boniface VIII +

Unam Sanctam Unam Sanctam (1302): decline of (1302): decline of papacypapacy

Heretics: Cathars + Heretics: Cathars + WaldensiansWaldensians

Cathars: matter as Cathars: matter as evilevil

Waldensians: Waldensians: virtue of povertyvirtue of poverty

Albigensian Albigensian CrusadeCrusade

The Crusades: The Crusades: General Motivations + General Motivations +

CausesCauses Holy land: free from Holy land: free from

MuslimsMuslims Religious revivalismReligious revivalism Difficulty of Difficulty of

pilgrimagepilgrimage Seljuk Turks Seljuk Turks Great Schism (1054): Great Schism (1054):

Reuniting Eastern + Reuniting Eastern + Western churchesWestern churches

The 1The 1stst Crusade (1096- Crusade (1096-1099) 1099)

Pope Urban II: Council Pope Urban II: Council of Clermont (1095)of Clermont (1095)

Practical + spiritual Practical + spiritual appealsappeals

Peter the Hermit: Peter the Hermit: People’s CrusadePeople’s Crusade

Role of Emperor Role of Emperor AlexiusAlexius

Defeat of the MuslimsDefeat of the Muslims Orders of Knighthood: Orders of Knighthood:

Templars + Hospitalers Templars + Hospitalers

The 2The 2ndnd Crusade (1147- Crusade (1147-1149) 1149)

Muslims reunify: Muslims reunify: loss of Edessaloss of Edessa

St. Bernard: call St. Bernard: call for reconquestfor reconquest

Saladin: Saladin: Recapture of Recapture of JerusalemJerusalem

The 3The 3rdrd Crusade (1189- Crusade (1189-1192) 1192)

3 Kings lead 3 Kings lead armiesarmies

Capture of Capture of Acre (1191)Acre (1191)

Saladin + Saladin + Richard: Richard: treatytreaty

The 4The 4thth Crusade (1202- Crusade (1202-1204) 1204)

Pope Innocent Pope Innocent III: recapture III: recapture JerusalemJerusalem

Attack on ZaraAttack on Zara New goal: New goal:

ConstantinopleConstantinople Children’s Children’s

CrusadeCrusade

The Final 4 CrusadesThe Final 4 Crusades

55thth Crusade: Crusade: Muslim EgyptMuslim Egypt

66thth Crusade: Crusade: Frederick II + Frederick II + power of power of negotiationnegotiation

77thth + 8 + 8thth Crusades: Crusades: Failures of Louis IX Failures of Louis IX

Loss of Christian Loss of Christian conquestsconquests

Consequences of the Consequences of the CrusadesCrusades

Christian-Muslim Christian-Muslim interactioninteraction

Consolidation of Consolidation of powerpower

Economic growthEconomic growth Ideological shift: Ideological shift:

self-confidenceself-confidence Negative effects: Negative effects:

Butchery + East-Butchery + East-West: deteriorationWest: deterioration