Stefanie PankeUniversity of North Carolina at

Chapel HillAACE E-Learn 2016

November 18thWashington, DC

Design Thinking for Educational Resources:

Reimagining Instructional Design through Engaging

Participatory Approaches

SchedulePlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks • Introduction• Wicked Problems• Design Thinking, Serious Play, Participatory Design• Creative Design Techniques - Examples• Workshop Planning• Evaluation

What’s on your plate right now?Please take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Please take five minutes to write down what’s on your plate – for example a current project you are working on.

Why is it tricky? – Recognizing wicked problemsPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks • No right or wrong solution: Problem resists traditional scientific and

engineering approaches.• Unclear boundaries, ill-formulated: Many parties are equally

equipped, interested or entitled to judge the solution • Value-driven: Judgments are likely to differ widely based on personal

or group interests and values. • Cascading effects: Implementation will generate waves of

consequences over an extended period of time

Why is it tricky? – Recognizing wicked problemsPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Traditional Model:

Wicked Problems:“The information needed to understand the problem depends upon one's idea for solving it” (Rittel & Webber, 1973, 161).

Problem Definition

(Analyzing)

Problem Solution

(Synthesizing)

“Tell me what success looks like”.

Why is it tricky? – 10 characteristicsPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Why is it tricky? - DiscussPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks How do you recognize wicked problems in your own work environment?

Share and discuss with you neighbor: What part of my work / my project has traits of wicked problems?

What’s the idea? Design ThinkingPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Design Thinking is problem solving method geared to overcome wicked problems. Characteristics• Transcend the immediate boundaries of the problem to ensure that the

right questions are being addressed• Analyze, synthesize, diverge, generate insights from different domains• Drawing, prototyping and storytelling (Brown, 2009)• Constraints as inspiration (Brown, 2009)• Not directed toward a technological "quick fix” but toward new integrations

of signs, things, actions, and environments (Buchanan, 1992)

What’s the idea? Design ThinkingPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks “Even on a cursory inspection,

just what design thinking is supposed to be is not well understood, either by the public or those who claim to practice it”.

Kimbell, 2011

What’s the idea? Design ThinkingPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

http://dschool.stanford.edu/dgift/

• 80 minute, interactive video with individual and partner activities

What’s the idea? Design ThinkingPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Plattner, Meiner & Leifel, 2011

Rules of Design Thinking • All design activity Is ultimately social in nature• Design thinkers must preserve ambiguity• All design is re-design.• Making ideas tangible always facilitates communication

What’s the idea? Design ThinkingPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Design Thinking is not the opposite of science or translated to ‘anything goes’.A ‘new’ solution is not automatically a good solution.

What’s the idea? Participatory DesignPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Participatory Design is an approach that involves the users of a product early on in the development process.Characteristics: • Paradigm shift from ‘users as subjects’ to ‘users as partners’• Based on participatory action research - empowermentBarriers:• Difficulties in organizing and expressing ideas • Difficulties in harmonizing implicit design goals• Difficulties in maintaining openness

What’s the idea? LEGO Serious PlayPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Lego Serious Play is a collaborative, creative method that uses Lego blocks and figures to develop scenarios for organizational development, conflict resolution or web design.Characteristics:• Strategic planning tools and systems• Improve group problem solving • Learning, listening and collaborating by making and creating• Building solutions and prototypes using bricks• Creating flow experience for participants

Creative Techniques: Examples & DemonstrationPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks • Interface

• Audience• Content • Priorities & Values • Categories• Navigation• Networks

Interface: Traffic LightPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Please note one feature per post-it.

I don’t like it, but it’s okay, I guess.

Hate this!!!!

This is cool, don’t get rid of it!

Interface: Key FeaturesPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Interface: Crazy 8Please take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks • Crazy 8: Take a sheet of paper, fold, fold it again, and again, and again.• You have 5 minutes total to draw eight sketches, one in each panel. • Repeat.• Share if you wish.• Particularly useful for mobile interfaces,

progressions, key features, segments, details, flow.

Audience: PersonasPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Personas are fictional, yet data-driven, user biographies that allow design teams to relate to the users’ point of view instead of focusing on personal experiences and anecdotes.

Audience: PersonasPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks • Before the workshop: participants

email list of audiences• Aggregated list is reviewed in

workshop• Additional brainstorming• Groups work on personas• Completed personas are displayed

and ranked (voting)

Audience: Cognitive and Behavioral OutcomesPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Knowledge

Behavior

Attitudes

Skills

• Describe what learners will know and will be able to do after taking this course / using this resource. • Share / discuss /groupDuration: 30 minutes

Content: What’s on your plate?Please take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Please take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Content: What’s on your plate?Please take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Please review your plate:

This thing I do is on the website

This thing I do is not the website, and it shouldn’t be

This thing I do is not the website, but people should know about it and find it there

Content: Structuring Content TypesPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Goal: Identify organizational output, recurring website elements• ‘Information Curators

describe the content using the building blocks provided• Add additional elements as

needed• Time: Approx. 25 minutes

ResultsPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

MockupsPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Balsamiq Mockups

CategoriesPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Status Quo: Multiple, Different, Overlapping Category Systems

Categories: Bottom-upPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Categories: Round 1Please take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks • Form 5 Teams (1-2)• Each team categorizes 3 sites• Each team assigns 2 categories per resource.• Time: 5 Minutes!

Categories: Round 2Please take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks • Switch sites between team• Assign 2 categories, only if needed• Change and edit as you see fit!• Time: 5 Minutes!

Categories: Review existing taxonomyPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Review Categories with posters, stickers

Categories: On the flyPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Participants shout

out categories, facilitator documents on mindmap

Categories: Results

Priorities and Values: Finding BalancePlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks This is an approach for talking about and eventually resolving conflicting ideas and priorities in the design process. It forces stakeholders to see the virtue in opposing positions, and the merits of compromise.

Navigation: Museum Map FlyerPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Please think about the website as a museum. What are 10 things you want to point visitors to? (Really useful resources, interesting events, services, downloads, projects…)

12

34

5 6

7

8

910

Navigation: LEGO StructurePlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks As a group, try to structure the main areas of the website.

Content Sections

Annotate

Networks: Spin your yarnPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks This is an activity designed to show the social capital of a network. It is a great way to start a conversation about organizational / team structure and how it should be reflected on a website.

Alternatives:• Throw the ball of yarn to someone you know. How do you

know this person?• Through the ball of yarn to a person with whom you have

something in common. What do you have in common?

Workshop PlanningPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Work on a workshop or meeting activity you want to do with your clients / your team. Warm-up Activity: Crazy 8• Take a sheet of paper, fold, fold it again, and again, and again.• You have 8 minutes total to sketch eight prompts/ slides / activities,

one in each panel.• Share with your partner, brief feedback and ideas (5 minutes).• Use 15 minutes to work on your concept.

Workshop Planning – StructurePlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Crazy 8: Take a sheet of paper, fold, fold it again, and again, and again.You have 5 minutes total to draw eight sketches, one in each panel.

Adapted from Sanders, Brandt & Binder, 2011

Workshop Planning – FeedbackPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Crazy 8: Take a sheet of paper, fold, fold it again, and again, and again.You have 5 minutes total to draw eight sketches, one in each panel.

Present your workshop or meeting activity to the group and receive feedback.• Be brief: 2 minutes each.

Problems, Pitfalls, ChallengesPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Let’s talk about all the things that can go wrong… and how to plan for it.

Here is what I heard; is that what you said? What else do you want me to know?

I am here for you, not vice versa. What should we do next?

We can do either … or … - what will help you most?

Let’s give it a try for 15 minutes.

Evaluation: Traffic LightPlease take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks Please note one idea / concept per post-it.

I might try this in the future.

This is not useful for me.

I can definitely use this for….

Thank you!Please take five minutes to write down projects you have been working on during the past 2-6 weeks

Reader on Google Drive: https://goo.gl/jVHlMg

Slides on slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/stefaniepanke/

Contact at panke@sog.unc.edu

Blog at http://blog.aace.org