Upload
worldfish
View
674
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Effects of WSSV and bio-security on
shrimp farming in BangladeshPartho Pratim Debnath, Ben Belton, Manjurul Karim,
Hendrik Jan Keus, Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan
Expanded rapidly since the 1980’s.
Main species cultured is black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
P. vannamei has not been introduced in Bangladesh.
Area expanded from 52,000 ha (1988) to 213,617 ha (2013).
History of Shrimp Farming in Bangladesh
4-5
ton/ha
600-
700
kg/ha
280-300
kg/ha
0.23
12
87.77
Semi intensive
Improve traditional
Traditional
History of Shrimp Hatchery In Bangladesh
PL nursing
1978
First hatching effort
1987 by DoF funded
by ADB
Successful hatching
1988 by DoF funded
by IDA
1st Private
Hatchery
1993
Presently
running
48 hatcheries
3.05
5.1
8
10
7
12
9.99
7.418.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
200520062007200820092010201120122013
PL
pro
du
ctio
n (
bill
ion
)
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Fig: Year wise Shrimp PL
production by the hatcheries
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
Pro
du
ctio
n c
apac
ity
(bill
ion
)
No
s o
f h
atch
ery
Year
Large scale Medium scale Small scale Production Capacity
Fig: Year wise types of shrimp hatchery
establishment including estimated production
capacity in Cox’s Bazar area, Bangladesh.
Methodology
Study period: 2005 to 2013
Data collection:
Production data collected from Department of Fisheries.
Hatchery data from WorldFish projects, 2011 – 2013 data from
the AIN project. Samples of brood and nauplii collected from
20 shrimp hatcheries.
WSSV test: WSSV test done by nested PCR method (IQ2000)
Research findings
Fig : Year wise total shrimp production in Bangladesh
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Pro
du
ctio
n (
MT)
Year
Year
Shrimp culture
area(ha)
1988 64000
1994 108280
1995 138000
1996 140000
2000 141353
2009 217877
2013 275232
In 1994, WSSV introduced in Bangladesh for the
first time and mainly affected semi-intensive farms
in Cox’s Bazar
Fig: Year wise average % of brood and nauplii found infected with WSSV
34.98
41.90 40.80
49.6845.43
38.72
33.38
49.41
55.47
23.14
28.82
35.76 36.04 36.1933.23 32.12
54.93
51.63
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Year
WSSV positive percentage in brood WSSV positive percentage in nauplii
Research findings
Fig: Month wise WSSV occurrence in Brood
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00
January February March April May June July Aug
% W
SSV
po
siti
ve
Month
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Average
Research findings
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
January February March April May June July Aug
% W
SSV
po
siti
ve
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Average
Fig: Month wise WSSV occurrence in Nauplii
April & May Peak
appearance of
WSSV in brood
and nauplii.
Appearance of
WSSV in January
for the last 2 years
was exceptionally
high.
Present Bio-security issues during capture
of brood stockBrood
Source Management
Bay of Bengal
WildIssu
es
Rec
om
men
dat
ions
Use of SPF
Stock
Issues
Brood tank in ship
Should not be mixed
Brood transportation (Ship to Hatchery)
One Per bagUse of PCR
tested WSSV
free brood
Present Bio-security issues at spawning stage
in hatchery
Hatching technique
Issues Recommendations
Maturation/Mother tank
– mass stocking system
Stocking of WSSV negative brood
Better single stocking system
Spawning tank – mass
spawning systemShould be single spawning system
Present Farm level Bio-security issues
Mostly
Traditional
Multiple stocking
Multiple harvesting
Po
or
wate
r d
ep
th
No
cra
b f
enci
ng
Wild/tested/non tested
PL mixed stocking
Po
or d
ike
No
ou
tlet
No
Bio
-se
cu
rity
main
ten
an
ce
No
bir
d f
en
cin
g
No water quality maintenance No health
assessment
Very serious bio-security
issues for farming system
is that there is no
management practice
applied for outbreak pond
Estimated survival of Post larvae
5.05
7.1
10
12
9
14
11.99
9.4110.2
1.74 1.80 1.82 1.98 2.16 1.852.62 2.88 2.95
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Bill
ion
Year
Total PL (billion) Total shrimp (billion)
Fig: Year wise nos. of PL stocked and nos. of shrimp produced34
25
18 16
24
13
22
31 29
0
10
20
30
40
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
%
Year
Survival rate(%)
Fig: Year wise survival rate of stocked PL
For the purpose of this estimation
2 billion wild PL added to hatchery produced PL for arriving at total PL stocked
Freshwater prawn production (30%) reduced for estimating total shrimp production
shrimp numbers estimated assuming harvest weight of 30 pieces /1 kg
Potential production increase at higher
survival
Survival of
stocked PLSurvival @24%
Survival
@34%Survival @44% Survival @54%
Production(ton) 73277 80605 87932 95260
PL survival may increase by 30% by stocking only PCR tested PLs
combined with BMPs and farm level biosecurity, shrimp production may
increase proportionately.
Above estimates suggest a yearly average survival rate of 24%
WSSV is considered one of the key causes for low survival
Activities implemented by USAID-AIN
• Training of 50,000 shrimp farmers on BMP
• Different media awareness programs (leaflet, village theater show,
radio broadcasting, poster & billboard ) on using PCR tested PL
• Technical support to PCR laboratory of DoF and BFRI
• Promoting “single mother-single tank” system in hatchery
• Monitoring & tracing of PCR negative post larvae distribution from
hatchery through traders to farmers
• Technical advice to DOF in evaluation of SPF introductions
• Average production in 2013-2014 season increased from 270 kg to
402 kg/ha for farmers who received training from the AIN project.
• Average production of demonstration ponds with supplementary
feeding was 617 kg/ha.
Future plan of DoF with technical support by
USAID-AIN on reduction of WSSV prevalence
• Work with shrimp brood stock fishers to store brood
stock on board in individual containers.
• Hand over testing responsibility to private sector,
capacity building of lab staff.
• Capacity building of farmers on BMP: use of PCR
tested PLs, at least 3 feet depth of ponds, nursing of
PLs
• Evaluate pilot SPF imports for future policy development
Conclusion
WSSV free post-larvae supply combinedwith BMP at farm level will reduce diseaserisk, stimulate investment, leading toimproved shrimp production andimproved farmer livelihoods
Thank You