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CHARACTERSThe actors in a story’s plotPeople, animals, robots, or whatever the writer
choosesMay be more than one main character,
particularly in a book. Protagonist – main character(s) who has the
conflictAntagonist – person(s) or force(s) in conflict with
the main characterDoesn’t have to be the bad guyDoesn’t have to be a person
Types of Characters1. Flat character – little history is given; has
only one or two personality traits * Stock Characters- A type of flat character.
The type of character that appears so often in fiction the reader recognizes them right
away.
2.Round character – fully developed with many different character traits3.Dynamic character – changes during the
course of the story (learns something)4.Static character – does not change (doesn’t learn anything)
Direct Characterization Direct characterization is when the author
TELLS the audience what the personality of the character is.
Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both at the game.”
The author is telling us that the boy is patient and the girl is kind.
Indirect Characterization Indirect characterization is when the author
SHOWS things that reveal the personality of the character.
There are FIVE different methods of indirect characterization: speech, thoughts, effect on other characters, actions, and looks. (STEAL)
SpeechSpeech- What does the character say? How
does the character speak?
Example: “Hey, we can have lots of fun at camp this summer! I love being outside!”
This shows us the character is upbeat and
happy.
ThoughtsThoughts- What is revealed through the
character’s thoughts and feelings?
Example: I wish it would stop raining. I am tired of sitting inside!
This shows us the character is not happy about the situation.
Effect on OthersEffect on Others- What is revealed through the
character’s effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character?
Example: The boy glared at his sister as she ate his dessert.
This shows us that the character is upset about his sister’s behavior and inability to think of others.
ActionsActions- What does the character do? How
does the character behave?
Example: The girl rode the lawn mower through the house and into the garage.
This shows us the girl is not concerned with rules or safety.
LooksLooks- What does the character look like? How
does the character dress?
Example: The little girl left the game with slumped shoulders and a frown on her face.
This shows us the little girl is not enjoying herself and is upset.
SETTINGTime and place in which a story happensPhysical surroundings WeatherIdeasCustoms, Values, and Beliefs that are associated
with the broad setting Historical/Cultural
Integral- settings are key to a story, it affects the plot
Background- settings are simply a backdrop for the action
PLOTSequence of events in a story – action that
moves the story along Exposition – introduces the story’s
characters, setting, and conflictRising action – develops the conflict with
complications and suspenseClimax – the emotional high point of the storyFalling action – shows what happens to the
characters after the climaxResolution – shows how the conflict is
resolved or how the problem is solvedLittle Red Riding Hood – What is the sequence
of events in Little Red Riding Hood’s story?
CONFLICTThe element of the story which shows the
concerns of the central characters.Conflict is a struggle between opposing forcesExternal conflict: struggle between a
character and an outside force (another character, society, technology, nature, supernatural, or fate – sometimes supernatural and fate are considered the same/one)
Internal conflict: struggle within a character against opposing feelings or indecision
Character vs. NatureThe protagonist in the story experiences conflict with the elements of nature.
Character Vs. CharacterThe protagonist in the story experiences conflict with others, especially the antagonist.
Character vs. SocietyThe protagonist in the story experiences conflict with society as a whole.
Character Vs. Technology The protagonist in the story experiences conflict with technology.
Character Vs. SupernaturalThe protagonist in the story experiences conflict with unnatural elements.
Character Vs. FateWhen the
protagonist tries to break free of a predetermined path chosen before him prior to his knowledge. It can also be referred to as an issue between destiny and freewill.
POINT OF VIEWWho is telling the story?Narrator’s standpoint or perspectiveFirst-person point of view: narrator is a
character in the story, uses I, me, we, usThird-person point of view: narrator describes
the story from outsideObjective – like a camera is recording the actionOmniscient – narrator knows thoughts and
feelings of every characterLimited – narrator knows thoughts and feelings of
only one characterLittle Red Riding Hood – What is the P.O.V.?
Style- How the author writes, the techniques they use to write
Point of View (POV)- Who is telling the story, three different types
First Person- Told by someone IN the story, uses “I” and “me”
Third Person Limited- Told by a narrator, OUTSIDE the story, the narrator only knows thoughts of one character, uses the pronouns “he”, “she”, and “they”
Third Person Omniscient- Told by a narrator OUTSIDE the story, the narrator knows what all characters are thinking, narrator is all knowing (om=all), uses the pronouns “he”, “she”, or “they”
THEMECentral message of the storyUniversal – applies to everyone, everywhere,
at every timeSometimes the theme is stated directlySometimes the theme is implied (not “right
there”, more of an “on your own”)Little Red Riding Hood – What is the theme?