Environmental fiscal reforms abbottabad soild waste management Saadullah Ayaz

Environmental Fiscal Reforms

IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Saadullah Ayaz

ABOUT IUCN

IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is theworld’s oldest and largest global environmental network- a democratic membershipunion with more than 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, andalmost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries worldwide

IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environmentand development challenges. It supports scientific research, manages field projectsall over the world and brings governments, non-government organizations, UnitedNations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop and


Nations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop andimplement policy, laws and best practice

IUCN has a status of an ‘Observer’ in UN General Assembly

WHAT DOES IUCN DO?

Knowledge: IUCN develops and supports cutting edge conservation science, particularly in species, ecosystems, biodiversity, and the impact these have on human livelihoods

Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments

Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international conventions, UN organizations, companies and communities to develop laws, policy and best-practice


to develop laws, policy and best-practice

Empowerment: IUCN helps implement laws, policy and best-practice by mobilizing organizations, providing resources, training people and monitoring results

IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION


Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland

THE DRIVING FORCE

IUCN’s VISION

A just world that values and

conserves nature


IUCN’s Mission

Influence, encourage and assist

societies to conserve the integrity and

diversity of nature and ensure any use

of natural resources is equitable and

ecologically sustainable

CORE PROGRAMME AREAS


OUR STRUCTURE


IUCN’s VALUE PROPOSITION

Building new

Establishing a common standard for

Imp

ac

t

Knowledge GovernanceEmpowerment


Reach

Research and data for sustainable

resource management

Applying, and in some cases tailoring,

knowledge to a specific situation

and/or the needs of partners at any level

Building new approaches and a

constituency that can maintain, promote

and extend the application of sustainability

standard for approaches, services

and products that allow for scaling-up,

adaptation and quality control

Imp

ac

t

IUCN IN PAKISTAN


A long term commitment since 1985

Several offices, around 112 staff, Country office at Karachi

largest Country Programme of the Union in the World since 1996

MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN – 29


�Gilgit-Baltistan Administration

�Pak Env. Protection Found

�Government of Balochistan

Introducing

Environmental Fiscal

Reforms

Bank

ing

with

Nat

ure


Reforms

Bank

ing

with

Nat

ure

ENVIRONMENT AND POVERTY NEXUS

A healthy environment is crucial to poverty reduction and sustainable growth

With the degradation of ecosystems comes a decline in the quality of environmental

services that ecosystems provide

The annual cost to Pakistan’s economy of environmental damage and natural resource

degradation is nearly 365 billion rupees, or 6% of GDP (WB 2006)


degradation is nearly 365 billion rupees, or 6% of GDP (WB 2006)

Immediate and most severe effects of environmental degradation are suffered by the

poor

Strengthening environmental management can support economic growth, while

improving health and productivity. Financing pro-poor environmental management in

conjunction with other development activities is of the utmost importance

WHAT IS EFR?

Innovative policies are required to achieve development targets while ensuring

environmental sustainability. Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR) is one such

approach, and allows fiscal resources to be managed in such a way that development

challenges can be tackled without sacrificing environmental conservation

BANKING WITH NATURE

EFR has been described as ‘a strategy that redirects government taxation


EFR has been described as ‘a strategy that redirects government taxation

and expenditure programmes to create an integrated set of activities in

support of sustainable development and conserves environment’

The idea is to use fiscal instruments, directly or indirectly modifying the prices of

biodiversity related goods and services, to influence behavior in order to provide

incentives for environmental protection. The funds raised through these measures can

be channelled to specific priority sectors, such as environmental conservation and

poverty reduction

It is in this context that environmental fiscal reforms (EFR), and particularly pro-poor EFR, can assist the government in broadening the revenue base, whileachieving both poverty reduction and environmental goals

The environmental benefits of EFR includes; pollution prevention and improvednatural resources management; mobilization of funds for investment in pollutioncontrol and safe disposal of waste; and mobilization of funds for enforcementactivities

ENVIRONMENTAL FISCAL REFORMS


VIABLE EFR INSTRUMENTS FOR PAKISTAN

Charging appropriate ‘prices and user charges’ for various natural resourcesextraction activities and social services

Making ‘polluters pay’ for internalizing externalities that polluters impose onthe society; rationalizing environmentally harmful subsidies and taxationmeasures; and streamlining budgetary processes so as to further the goals ofenvironmental improvement and poverty reduction

Environmental Fiscal Reforms

BENEFITS OF EFR (WIN-WIN-WIN)

Poverty Reduction•Improving environmental quality e.g. better natural resource management

or provision of environmental infrastructure:

–poor depend on environment for health, livelihoods and vulnerability

•Fiscal revenues: revenues for pro-poor expenditure on health, education etc

•Protection or compensation to protect poor from price rises


Environmental Benefits

•Incentives for sustainable natural resource management•Incentives for curbing pollution (air, water, soil)•Funds for environment agencies and investments

Fiscal Benefits•Revenue mobilization•Reduced distortions•Reduced drains on •public finances


EFR TESTING AND APPLICATION IN

PAKISTAN

EFR PROJECT PROFILE

AIM:

Poverty reduction and environmental improvement through undertaking a set of

environmental fiscal reforms initiatives.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT:

Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC)

DURATION:

May 2006 to April 2009- Extended till June 2010


May 2006 to April 2009- Extended till June 2010

PROJECT PARTNERS:

IUCN, Planning Commission, district Government, Abbottabad

RESEARCH PARTNERS:

Pakistan Institute for Development Economics & Sustainable DevelopmentPolicy Institute

PILOT DISTRICT: Abbottabad

PROJECT COMPONENTS

• Action Research and

Awareness Raising

• Enabling Institutional,

Legal and Policy Framework

• Capacity Building


• Piloting Select EFR Options

• Wider Dissemination for Replications

Action Research

- Research reports on solid waste, drinking water, and quarrying and

mining, fiscal decentralization

- Five (05) fact sheets completed (for easy understanding)

- Sector wise recommendations translated into Urdu


- Situation analysis of solid waste management in Nawanshehr town

- Water analysis of natural water resources (survey by PCRWR)


http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/projects/archived_projects/proj_arc_efr/

Advocacy, Partnerships and Capacity Building

- Liaison with City District Government of Abbottabad

- Extensive awareness, community organization/ mobilization for

development participatory solid waste management system in

Nawanshehr (pilot)

- Trainings


- Trainings

(Community) PSWM, waste segregation, reduction, disposal,

composting)

(Local administration) solid waste management, efficient collection,

waste segregation, safe disposal, route planning/ mapping

PILOTING EFR

OPTIONS

(Case Study of Solid Waste


(Case Study of Solid Waste

Management in Abbottabad)

Development and operationalization of a

participatory solid waste management system in UC Nawanshehr

- Social Mobilization~

community groups, youth associations,

school children and women folks

dialogue conducted (70 shopkeepers)


door to door campaign (725 houses)

Citizens seminar, youth forum operationalized

- Social Organization~

sixty two (62) community activists

School Environmental Clubs (09 established)

Mohellah Environmental Committees (06)

Capacity building

training of staff of Town Committee on

participatory solid waste management, mapping, segregation, recycling, coordination with line agencies (district government)- 16 staff members trained

training community groups on participatory solid waste management system,


solid waste management system, developing and sustaining primary collection system, organizational management, financial record keeping, coordination and liaison development (62 activists trained)

Other ~ training of communities (& women) on kitchen gardening and compositing (90 trainees)

Improved measures for primary collection of waste

model system nine (09) ‘beads’ were developed in the area (each comprising of around 120 households)- at source segregation of organic and recyclables have also been introduced in 09 beads

(08) mohellahs where communities have hired their own waste

collectors through nominal contribution (pro- poor initiative)


collectors through nominal contribution (pro- poor initiative)

Development of secondary waste collection system

- Proper designed secondary collection points have been developed innine (09) mohellahs,

- Route planning for waste collectors (map developed)

- Repair of tractor and improvisation of existing trolley



the change…

Application of Pro- poor fiscal measures

in solid waste sector

- Eight (08) mohellahs have hired waste

collectors (paid from revenue)

- Revenue from selling recyclables by

School Environment clubs


- Nineteen (19 kitchen gardens from

organic compost)

- (19) garbage merchants have been

registered in lieu of payment

of tax to the Town Committee

- A framework for scavengers is also

being devised to regulate

their working

ACHIEVEMENTS OF EFR PROJECT

• Progress achieved as per MTR recommendations

• Research work received high appreciation

• Chapter from EFR project was published in the Oxford University Press,London

• Technical paper on EFR (Pakistan Engineering Congress 2010)

• Three papers on EFR presented in Special Technical Session on EFR at the23th Annual General Meeting of “Pakistan Society of Development Economics


23th Annual General Meeting of “Pakistan Society of Development Economics

• Panel discussion were held on “Pro-poor Environmental Fiscal Reforms”during Conference on “Peace and Sustainable Development in South Asia:Issues and Challenges of Globalization” held at SDPI

• ‘EFR’ as subject at PIDE (M. Phil/ MSc. Env. Economics Programme

• Wider replication of EFR in IUCN’s on- going programmes (BPSD)

• Opportunities for up- scaling (district level)

• Efficacy of EFR proved (revenue, pro-poor support and env. sustainability)

• In-depth research. Findings to be tailored to create real understanding andintegration into policy and decision making process

• EFR being new concept~ putting in pace a self sustaining long term EFRmechanism requires improved coordination mechanisms essential to obtain longterm results in this regard.~ local level consultations extremely important to developconsensus among stakeholders to select and adopt EFR options

LESSONS LEARNT


• Buy-in from policy-makers is only possible if the project is able to demonstrateconcrete changes on the ground~ dedicated attention to carry out work is ofessence, at least for a next couple of months till the system is effectively tested andcompletely adopted

• Capacity building at all level is a must ~ since expertise not available anywhere

• Strong linkages with provincial and federal government tiers are required

• Up scaling and replication of EFR activities is essential

WAY FORWARD (RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN)

• Successful institutionalization of - Reform Process.

Quite an easy job??? (in complex socio- political situation)

• Support translation of learning form EFR research in to actions (elsewhere in Pakistan)

• Long- term impact~ integration into sectoral polices/ plans-

buy- in from policy makers


• Ensuring self- sustenance of pilots~ continue provision of technical backstopping

• Capacity building/ awareness (at all levels)- gaps?

• Up- scaling and wider replication of EFR is suitable areas in Pakistan in other sectors (drinking water, eco-tourism, quarrying and mining etc)

Thanks

For more information”


Saadullah AyazCoordinator Climate Change/

Environmental Fiscal Reforms/

Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities

IUCN Pakistan

Email: [email protected]

Education

Environmental fiscal reforms abbottabad soild waste management Saadullah Ayaz