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Slides of the presentation given at the University Analytics Forum about how to approach privacy when deploying learning analytic systems with emphasis on what is perceived by the student.
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ChadC
ooperPhotos
Flickr
Ethics and Privacy inLearning Analytics
University Analytics ForumMelbourne, 27 September 2013
Dr Abelardo Pardo (@abelardopardo)slideshare.net/abelardo_pardo
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 2
EleafFlickr.comIf you could ask a privacy
expert only one question...
Which one would you ask?
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 3
Mark
Coggins
flickr.com
Delicate issue!
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 4
Wootpeanuts
flickr.com
Prevents reaching a practical solution
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 5
Gee311
flickr.com
Environment Contextintegrity
Scenarios
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 6
Gee311
flickr.com
Environment
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 7
dougbelshawflickr.com
Ethics: set of rules that define thecorrectness of a specified behavior
Privacy: how personal digitalinformation is being observed bythe self or distributed to otherobservers
They are usingyour device
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 8
ww
w.forbes.com
/sites/kashmirhill/2013/09/12/e-zpasses-get-read-all-over-new
-york-not-just-at-toll-booths(lastaccessed
Septem
ber2013)
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 9
ww
w.nytim
es.com/interactive/2013/09/05/us/docum
ents-reveal-nsa-campaign-against-encryption.htm
l(lastaccessedS
ep.2013)
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 10
money.cnn.com
/2013/09/05/technology/social/facebook-privacy/index.html(lastaccessed
Sep.
2013)
Database withK-12 student data
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 11
http://ww
w.reuters.com
/article/2013/03/03/us-education-database-idUS
BR
E92204W
20130303(lastaccessed
Sep.
2013)
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 12
deepwarren
Flickr
Observe in and out of the classroom
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 13
ww
w.sm
h.com.au/technology/technology-new
s/universities-monitor-online-activity-20130413-2hsj2.htm
l(lastaccessedS
ep.2013)
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 14
Gee311
flickr.com
Environment Contextintegrity
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 15
anthonylibrarianFlickr
Internet requires a new approach to privacy
Before: Limitingsurveillance, restrictingaccess to information,curtailing intrusions intoprivate space
Additionally: How is datacaptured, who owns it, howis it shared?
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 16
Sm
all_Realm
Flickr
People act in different roles and contexts
Applications should respect these contexts
Context integrity: framework to provideguidance to solve privacy related conflicts
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 17
ContextTravelflickr.com
Appropriateness and distribution
(Nissenbaum, H., 2004, Privacy as Contextual Integrity, Washington Law Review, 79(1))
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 18
Cotton|Joe
Flickr
Appropriateness
What is collected?
What is revealed?
Valid in one context,invalid in another
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 19
johnthrmFlickr
Distribution
Who sees the data?
When?
For what purpose?
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 20
Karen
Roe
flickr.com
Privacy asa currency
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 21
Gee311
flickr.com
Environment Contextintegrity
Scenarios
Case 1: University Blended Course
1 Data collected in LMS and mobile app
2 Available to instructors for personalization
3 Some data considered for assessment
4 Available to other university units:counseling, recruiting, marketing
5 Analyzed retention vs demographic
6 eTextbook data available to publishers
7 Kept for ever
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 22
Case 2: Online Course1 Data collected in LMS
2 Available to instructors for personalizationpurposes
3 Analyzed performance vs demographic
4 Some data considered for assessment
5 Data used in scientific publication
6 Data made available to funding institutions
7 Students have the right to request dataremoval
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 23
Ethical Principles
• LA as a moral practice
• Students as agents at the center
• Data is temporal and dynamic
• Student success is complex andmultidimensional
• Transparency
• Institutions obliged to use data
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 24
(Slade, S., Prinsloo, P. 2013, Learning Analytics: Ethical Issues and Dilemmas, American Behavioral Scientist)
Practical Principles
1 Transparency
2 Students as data owners
3 Data access policies
4 Accountability and assessment
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 25
Transparency• Means to achieve legitimacy
• Applied across the board
• Accessible and clearly explained policies
• How is data collected?
• Who has access to the data?
• Which processes are in place?
• How long is the data valid and available?
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 26
chilangocoFlickr
Students as DataOwners
• Right to access, amend,delete data
• Institutions areborrowing the data
• In conflict with deriveddata
• Affects systems design
• Fixed life span ofcollected data
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 27
Images
ofMoney
Flickr
• Clarify the roles whenaccessing data
• Extend to derived data
• Consider connectionwith research
• Beware ofanonymization ordeidentification
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 28
Aaron
EscobarFlickr
Data AccessPolicies
Accountability andAssessment
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 29
Colem
anaFlickr• Each aspect has a
responsible person,body, department
• Process continuouslyunder improvement
• Consider allstakeholders
Dr Abelardo Pardo Ethics and Privacy in Learning Analytics 30
mangtronix
Flickr
Privacy changed in Internet era
Integrity of the learning context
Appropriateness and distribution, perceived value
Implementation principles:TransparencyStudents own dataData access policiesAccountability and assessment
ChadC
ooperPhotos
Flickr
Ethics and Privacy inLearning Analytics
University Analytics ForumMelbourne, 27 September 2013
Dr Abelardo Pardo (@abelardopardo)slideshare.net/abelardo_pardo
