Prepared by : Daisy Jane Aniasco

Learners in the clinical areas need the feedback and judgment of their work that evaluation gives them. They need to know how they are doing at one level before progressing to the next.Choices to be made regarding evaluation;

Formative or summative evaluation.Norm referenced or criterion reference.Type of grading system used.Behavior should be used.

CHOICES TO BE MADE REGARDING EVALUATION

1.A) FORMATIVE EVALUATION

Is the ongoing feedback given to the learner throughout the learning experience. This evaluation helps the learner identify strengths and weaknesses and meet the learning objectives efficiently. It prevent learner surprise at the end of the learning experience about their performance for which they were not prepared. Formative evaluation may be graded or not graded. Formative evaluation may be given orally or written. Written evaluation called anecdotal note.

1.B) SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

is a summary evaluation given at the bend of the learning experience. The purpose to assess whether the learner has achieved the objectives and is ready to move to another objectives. Summative evaluation results in a grade. Clinical evaluation in nursing always using this type. It may also include formative evaluation whether it is formally or in informally.

2.A) NORM REFERENCED EVALUATION

a learner compared with a reference group of learners, either those in the same cohort or in a norm group. An evaluation process in which a students behavior is characterized as "below average", "average", or" above average" or in which grades are distributed on a normal curve is norm referenced.

2.B) CRITERION REFERENCED EVALUATION

Is that which compares the learner to well-defined performance criteria rather than comparing him or her to other learners. Many educators believe criterion-referenced evaluation to b fairer that norm- referenced evaluation.

3.A ) GRADING SYSTEM

The two most common options for grading are assigning letter grades and a using a pass /fail or satisfactory/ unsatisfactory approach. Many educational institutions require that letter grades be given in all courses, so faculty are forced to arrive at a letter grades whether they are using norm-referenced or criterion- referenced methods.

4.A) BEHAVIORS TO BE EVALUATED Educators must decide which general areas and which specific behaviors should be observed and evaluated. The following areas of performance are usually evaluated:

Use of the nursing process.Use of health promoting strategies.Psychomotor skills.Maintain patient safety.

Therapeutic communication

SOURCES OF EVALUATION DATA

Direct observation by instructors produce most of the data.Patient perception towards the behaviors of nurses.Learner self evaluation.From agency staff.Written work such as nursing care plan, problem solving, critical thinking paper.

CONFERENCES BETWEEN

EDUCATOR AND LEARNER

The evaluation results should be shared with the learner. Conference should be held at the half way through and the end of the evaluation period. Positive feedback must be given along with the negative.

CLINICAL EVALUATION TOOLS

It should meet the following specification:The items should derive from the course or unit objectives.The items must measurable in some way. It must be possible to collect substantiating data.The items and instructions for use should be clear to all that must use the tool.The tool should be practical in design and length.The tool must be valid and reliable.