Extensionstrategy livestockextension india final

Mahesh Chander &

Prakashkumar Rathod ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Izatnagar-243 122 (UP) INDIA

Extension Strategies for Animal

Husbandry Sector Development

in India

• Productivity & Quality

improvement depends on

technology generation, technology

transfer, technology users and

support mechanisms, which need to

be geared up.

• Farmers need to be updated on new

technologies and scientific

management practices of livestock

production on regular basis.

Introduction

• Productivity can be substantially improved by effective targeted extension services focused on livestock development.

• Multifarious agencies for Extension service delivery- But…..

Poorly harnessed for accessing information on improved animal husbandry and livestock production

Introduction

• Livestock extension activities are sporadic, casual, occasional,

highly unorganized--- so do not effectively meet the requirements

of a vast majority of livestock farmers.

• Failure of development programmes due to lack of focused

livestock extension service.

• Face constraints like budget, human resource, infrastructure etc.

• Poor infrastructure and high costs of delivering information

• Modern ICTs can reduce the cost of information delivery/act as

solutions for future.

• Time to consider a wide range of options for sharing

information with farmers.

Livestock/Dairy Extension Today…

Agencies providing Livestock Extension

Service in India

• Directorate of Extension, MoA, GOI –Crop focused, very little

involvement in A H activities.

• Dept. of AH, Dairying & Fisheries (DAHDF) GOI- limited

budget & no staff to look after extension.

• Animal Science institutes of ICAR- limited extension activities,

occasional, mandate specific

• NDDB -restricted to dairying that too among members of dairy

cooperatives.

• Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs)-Animal husbandry component is

weak.

• State Agricultural/Veterinary Universities- occasional in nature, not

well equipped for extension.

Agencies providing Livestock Extension

Service in India • State Cooperative Dairy Federations- restricted to milch cattle of

cooperative members.

• NGOs- potential is not fully harnessed, only a few like BAIF &

Pradan could come up.

• Private Sector agencies- private dairies/ poultry firms, contract

farming of poultry and dairy-emerging option for the farmers.

• Agri-input dealers and vet pharma companies- concerned with

their product promotion not on farmers’ development.

• State Department of Animal Husbandry (SDAH)- major

stakeholder but inadequately staffed, poorly budgeted, ill equipped-

major concern is animal health-clinical approach, little orientation

for livestock extension.

Scenario of Livestock Extension

Activities Activities Reality

Advisory and consultancy service Poor extension

• Animal health treatment is the

priority

• Capacity building needs special focus

• Lack of time and infrastructure

• Differentiate felt and unfelt needs

• Gap between farmers, line

departments and universities

• Reorienting mindsets

• Need to focus on HRD, PPP

• Role of ICT- Very important

Livestock mela/fair/exhibition

Health/ Sterility/ Fertility/ vaccination

Camps

Demonstrations

Training programmes on various topics

for farmers, officers and

paraprofessionals

Village and farm visits

Use of mass media like radio ,TV,

newspaper

Publication of literature

Very rare use of ICT and social media

Exclusive Extension Wing and Human

Resources in SDAH

State Separate Ext.

Wing

Human Resource

( Extension Officers)

Andhra Pradesh Yes HQ-4 Dist-3

Arunachal Pradesh No Total-48 Dist-3

Assam No Dist-136

Bihar Yes HQ-2

Chattisgarh No HQ-146(VEO) Dist & Block-63

Goa Yes HQ-1 Dist-12

Gujarat Yes

Himachal Pradesh No HQ-1 Dist-11

Karnataka Yes HQ-3 Block-176

Madhya Pradesh Yes HQ-263 Dist-50

Maharashtra No Block-291 HQ-1 Asst

Commissioner

Manipur No Sub Dir.Office-8 AEO-27

Exclusive Extension Wing and Human

Resources in SDAH State Separate Ext. Wing Human Resource

( Extension Officers)

Meghalaya No Block-39

Punjab No JD (AH)-5 DD-25

Rajastan No HQ-3 DD

Sikkim Yes HQ-3 North-8 East-10 West-5 South-5

Tamil Nadu No Field Staff-300

Tripura No District-34

Uttarkhand No HQ-1 Dist-882

West Bengal No HQ-15 Dist-950

Andaman& N Yes HQ-1

Chandigarh No HQ-5

Dadra& N H No HQ-1

Budget allocation for livestock extension

activities (in %)

Source: Chander and Rathod, 2013

Optimum budget expected is 10% for extension activities within the total Animal

husbandry and dairy sector budget

Extension Strategies for Development

• Public sector extension services-

Not the preferred option for

accessing information on modern

technologies in livestock production.

• An effective extension machinery

and access to inputs can improve

productivity by adopting latest

technologies.

Reducing knowledge gap of farmers: • Only 5% households access any information on animal

husbandry against 40 % of households accessing information on

modern technology for crop farming (GOI, 2005).

Strengthening Livestock Extension

• Pluralism in livestock extension services-Need of the hour

• Effective coordination- public and private agencies

• Encourage participation of private organizations/ NGOs./CSR initiatives etc.

Feedback mechanism

• Poor research, extension and farmer linkage

• Poor dissemination of livestock technologies

• Farmers’ feedback- very essential

• Research can be field tested by interdisciplinary teams based on factors like location, resources etc.


Improving Research-Extension linkages:

• Research outputs can be effectively communicated by stronger

linkages

• Promotion of direct interface between farmers , officers of line

departments and scientists

• Research priority setting by SREP based on PRA and joint study

of teams including line depts. officials and scientists of the

KVKs or Universities.

• Participatory Technology Development can connect farmers with

the scientists leading to need based researches.


• Involvement of Government Agencies, reputed NGOs and

private sector.

• Diploma Courses: Supplement the efforts of veterinarians at the

grassroot level by providing practical livestock production

guidelines towards developing a sustainable livestock based

enterprise.

• Training of Para-professionals: The training programmes for

para-veterinarians and similarly placed personnel like AI

technicians must be undertaken on regular basis.

• Training of officers/professionals

Capacity Building in Livestock Extension

• Prospects of milk and meat value

addition

• Buffalo calves rearing for meat purpose

• Livestock input industry

• Commercial feed and fodder production

• Dry fodder enrichment

• Hay/silage preparation etc.

• Commercial breeding units

• Providing private doorstep AI services


Entrepreneurship and Vocational Training:

• Vocational training of rural youths and farm women

• Development of commercial dairy/sheep/goat/poultry farms

Farmers’ training and Farmer led approach:

• Based on participatory mode depending on socio-economic

background of the farmers.

• Progressive farmers after various scientific orientations can be

encouraged to act as extension agents .

Role of Agricultural Specialists: • Veterinarians can be supported by Agricultural Officers for

knowledge and inputs about agronomy.

• Model successful in the state of Punjab to make aware about

feeding of crop residues; vegetable or fruit wastes etc. with such

programmes.


Merging of Extension with

awareness activities:

• Programme or camps like vaccination or

health camp must be merged with

extension activities.

• A carefully designed extension

education campaign initiated before and

after vaccination by the extension

personnel must be promoted.


Gender and Livestock Extension:

• Need for matching programmes and budgeting for women.

• Women Extension workers must be promoted both in formal and informal mode.

• Group mobilization approach- Leading women farmers may be trained for transfer of technologies and deployed as women extension functionaries.


• The Women Dairy

Cooperatives can have women

extension workers to act as

para-extension workers for a

community or village with a

minimum honorarium.

• SHGs in Bidar district have

excelled in animal husbandry

and dairying


• Infrastructure facilities like hostel,

classrooms, laboratories, audio-

visuals, farms etc.

• Equipments for print, photostat,

content development and validation

mechanism and printing of

extension literature.

• Display boards, Audio-visual aids

and mobile extension vehicles may

also be needed at the hospital level.


Developing Infrastructure in Extension:

Role of PPP in Extension:

• PPP- Model for strengthening linkages among stakeholders

• Can act as thought pattern and ‘method of choice’

• MoUs- TANUVAS with dairy farmers for growing the fodder

for seed production

Farmers grow fodder grasses like Bajra, Napier (Co-4), Guinea

grass,(Anjan grass), Fodder sorghum (CoFS-27), Multi cut

fodder Sorghum (CoFS-29), African tall maize, Legumes

(Desmanthus, Stylo, Cowpea) and tree fodder varieties

(Sesbania, Subabul, Glyricidia).


MoU of KVAFSU, Bidar with NGO (HKCAL) in

Bidar (Karnataka Livelihood Mission Project)

ICT: Changing face of Extension

• Increase effectiveness and efficiency of extension and help

farmers to utilize information in solving their problems.

• Information can be acquired, transmitted and used based on

the need and situations

• Promotion campaigns for adoption of technologies and

practices like AI, vaccination, concentrate mixture feeding etc.

• Interaction through Information Kiosks, Telecentres, toll-free

Call Centres, websites, mobile phones software applications etc.

• New advanced instruments like Personal Digital Assistants for

Extension agents for technical information, communicating,

field recording, database maintenance and scheduling.

Different ICT Tools

• Rural Telecentres /VIC

• Mobile telephony

• Information Kiosks

• Social Media Networks- Facebook

etc.

• TV and Radio etc….

Rural Telecenters • Also known as Village Information centres, ‘knowledge

centres’, ‘information centres’, ‘Village Knowledge Centres’,

‘Common Service Centres’, ‘cyber dhabas’ etc.

• Typical centre consists of ICT devices, print media, backup

facility, training and discussion rooms and digital media (CDs)

on agriculture and allied aspects.

• Various govt, non-govt. and private initiatives for ICT enabled

Telecenters.

• Although more than 90,000 centres are operational, yet the

services limit its access to a smaller population.

• Success stories in South Karnataka & Puducherry- Must be

emphasized in other regions.

Case of Puducherry

• Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary

and Animal Sciences, Puducherry has

developed a touch screen kiosk.

• To provide access to cattle owners to

improve their knowledge on scientific

animal health management.

• Improvement in the health of the

cattle (eg. less cases of mastitis, repeat

breeding and tick infestations) after

utilizing the information from the

kiosk.

Advances in Mobile Telephony

• Mobile phone conferencing

• Smart and android mobile phone

applications

• MMS feature with video or photo sharing

• mp3 or mp4 player, sound and video

recorder, camera etc.

• Toll free service

• SMS Alerts

• Mobile advisory services

• Question and answer services

• Radio-dial up services

• Web portals and mobile telephony

31

Sources: IndiaStats, InternetLiveStats, IAMAI, Tencent, Facebook, OSMA intelligence

@wearesocialsg

INDIAN SOCIAL MEDIA STATS

Social Media Networks

• Mark Zuckerberg (Chairman and CEO), Dustin Moskovitz and

Chris Hughes on February 4, 2004

A marketing strategy

Doctor sharing field experience

Facebook for Farmers

• Production and marketing of

livestock products

• Need to create basic market

facilities and market information

• Promotion of sheep/poultry

associations

• Interface meet between input

dealers/companies/certification

agencies (feed, milking machine,

etc.) with farmers

Market Driven Approach

Integrated Farming System (IFS)

• Contributes to productivity, profitability, employment generation

and bio-resource cycling

• More self supporting, self sufficient and sustainable.

• Approach must change from individual to group or association

• Livestock Interest Groups, SHGs or dairy Cooperatives, Joint

Liability Groups- Successful models for effective production or

marketing.

• JLG formation for unemployed women and youth of 18-35 age

group through Karnataka Livelihood Mission

LIG Formation in NAIP Comp 3 project on Livelihood Security through Resource and

Entrepreneurship Management in Bidar District

Group/Association Approach

Interventions & Deliverables in NAIP Project

• Community managed A. I. centers

• A.I. service at village level

• Fodder production and utilization

• Demonstration of fodder plots &azolla unit

• Fodder production and introduction of

chaff cutter

• Strategic Supplementation of area specific

mineral mixture and UMMB

• Animal health care service

• Livestock shows/ Exhibitions/ Campaigns

Discipline: Dairy Husbandry/ Fodder development

Name & Address : Mallikarjun M Swamy,

R/o Kherda Ta. Aurad Dist. Bidar

Problem: Fodder Scarcity

Intervention: Introduction of improved fodder

varieties

Discipline: Dairy rearing

Name & Address: Gyandao Reddy R/o Wanjarkheda

Ta. Bhalki Dist. Bidar

Problem: Low productivity

Intervention: Technical guidance and Health care

services

Discipline:- Goat rearing

Name & Address: Smt. Shanthabai Balagir Gosavi

Enterprise: Goat husbandry

Intervention: Introduction of Osmanabadi breed

goats

Success stories/Up scalable technologies

Farmer Led Approach

• Identify motivated/entrepreneurial

youth farmers /women

• Support through technical guidance and

promote them to act as extension agent

for the village/community

• Encourage farmers by giving incentives

or recognition

• Example- I year- 100 % salary from

govt., II year- 50-50 shared by govt. and

charges from the farmers., III year-

salary/income has to be borne by the

farmer himself by charging fees for his

technical guidance and support)

Opportunities for India

• Promote small scale farmers to rear low investment ventures

like sheep, goats etc..

• Tremendous scope for farm diversification

• Need to promote integrated farming

• Extension can disseminate information in various aspects

• Value addition of livestock products

• Re-energizing small holders

• Untapped export potential- Emphasize on advisory services

about latest know-how, market information etc..

Conclusion

• AH sector has greater scope and production potential

• No single and specific strategy, but pluristic approach would

work better

• Need to seriously reorient the extension activities depending on

the socio-economic-psychological status of farmers

• Urgent need to develop quality human resource and

infrastructure for effective dissemination

• The grassroot level functionaries must be promoted to perform

extension relevant activities rather than multiple tasks.

• Promotion of innovation system is the need of the hour.

• ICT, PPP, Farmer Led Extension and Farmers’ Associations-

Can be most suitable solutions

Thank you

Education

Extensionstrategy livestockextension india final