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Facilitating Classroom Talk that
Builds the Mind
Gaowei Chen
Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong
Meeting of Minds Series, SoL
Nov 26, 2015
Teacher-led classroom talk is
fundamental to student learning
2
Teacher talk
How do you know it has more
volume? What’s your
proof?
Teacher
Louie
Because I can tell that A doesn’t
have that much volume.
Why? What is it about container A
or the liquid in A that makes you
think there’s not a lot in there?
Teacher
Press for Reasoning
3
Teacher talk
What do you think Amalia
means when she says it
causes physical breakdown?
Teacher
Amalia
…sometimes hot weather… it causes
physical breakdown of the rocks.
Marcel
Well, I- I think she means like the
rocks like after you get - it starts to
cool and when it starts to warm again
usually a lot of stuff starts to break out
there.
Restate Someone Else’s Reasoning
4
Teacher helps students think by self
• Press for Reasoning “Why do you think that?” “What’s your evidence?”
5
• Say More “Can you say more about that?”
“Can you give an example?”
• Revoice “So, let me see if I’ve got what you’re saying. Are you
saying…?”
• Challenge “Does it always work that way?”
“I kind of disagree with you”
Teacher helps students think with others
• Restate “Who can repeat what he just said or put it into their own
words?”
6
• Agree/
Disagree
“Do you agree/disagree? (And why?)”
“Does anyone want to respond to that idea?”
• Add On “Who can add onto the idea that he is building?”
“Can anyone take that suggestion and push it a little further?”
• Explain Other “Who can explain what he means when she says that?”
“Why do you think he said that?”
• Improved student achievement and reasoning
skills
(Bill et al., 1992; Chapin & O’Connor, 2004; Kuhn et al., 2013; Resnick et al., 2015)
• Long term effect and transfer
(Adey & Shayer, 2001; Bill, Leer, Reams, & Resnick, 1992; Chapin & O’Connor, 2004; Shayer, 1999;
Topping & Trickey, 2007)
When teachers use such talk moves
in the classroom…
7
However, very little teaching includes
such talk in the classroom
8(Kane & Staiger, 2012; Mercer, Dawes, & Staarman, 2009; Pimentel & McNeil, 2013)
• Teachers find it difficult to learn and effectively integrate such talk moves into their instruction
• Teachers believe that basic information must first be taught “directly”
• Teachers believe that only a few students are capable of the kind of effective talk that appears to have robust effects
• …
Hence the Need for…
9
facilitating teacher professional
development in the skills of
discussion-based teaching
An Analytics-supported Reflection
Approach
10
• Teacher professional development context
– School embedded, evidence based
• Teacher and facilitator community
• Joint reflection supported by visual analytics, video,
and transcripts
• Visual representations serve as a lens for identifying meaningful segments
Visualization Transcripts
11
Visualization Transcripts
12
Research Questions
• How do the teachers view the analytics-
supported reflection approach?
• How does the analytics-supported
reflection approach impact classroom talk
and student learning?
13
Research Design• Secondary mathematics classes
• A year-long intervention involving school-embedded, evidence-based
teacher learning activities
• A post-test and a delayed post-test of the impact of teacher learning
on classroom talk and students’ mathematics achievement14
Preliminary Findings
North Carolina school district with 6 reading teachers and 3 facilitators
After the analytics-supported intervention…
• Growth in specific talk moves
– 4 of the 6 teachers showed growth in specific talk moves
– This targeted growth corresponds to specific talk goals that teachers and facilitators
identified in coaching sessions
• Level of student involvement
– 5 out of the 6 teachers engaged more students in the discussion
– Teachers tended to be more aware of the number of students involved in classroom
discussions
15
Some Challenges
• Recording of classroom talk
– Tracking camera, microphone-array?
• Transcribing
– Speech recognition software that can pick up multi-party discussion?
• Coding
– Automated coding software?
16
Thank You!
17