Syed Hashir Ahmedroll# 130

Syed Hashir Ahmedroll# 130

SUBJECT :TECHER• ASS:PROF: SIR SHAHID

LARIK

What Is Fiber Optics ?

• Not a "new" technology • Concept a century old• Used commercially for

last 36 years

Fiber Has More Capacity

This single fiber can carry more communications than the giant copper cable!

Fiber Optic Communications

• Applications include – Telephones– Internet– LANs - local area networks– CATV - for video, voice and Internet connections

Why Use Fiber Optics?

• Economics• Speed• Distance• Weight/size• Freedom from interference• Security

Fiber Optic Applications

• Fiber is already used in:– > 90% of all long distance telephony– > 50% of all local telephony– Most LAN (computer network) backbones– Many video surveillance links

Fiber Optic Applications

• Fiber is the least expensive, most reliable method for high speed and/or long distance communications

• While we already transmit signals at Gigabits per second speeds, we have only started to utilize the potential bandwidth of fiber

SINGLE MODE FIBER OPTICSIn fiber-optic communication, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) (monomode optical fiber, single-mode optical waveguide, or unimode fiber) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode). Modes are the possible solutions of the Helmholtz equation

for waves, which is obtained by combining Maxwell's equations and the boundary conditions. These modes define the way the wave travels through space, i.e. how the wave is distributed in space. Waves can have the same mode but have different frequencies. This is the case in single-mode fibers, where we can have waves with different frequencies, but of the same mode, which means that they are distributed in space in the same way, and that gives us a single ray of light. Although the ray travels parallel to the length of the fiber, it is often called transverse mode since its electromagnetic vibrations occur perpendicular (transverse) to the length of the fiber(where ∇2 is the Laplacian, k is the wave number, and A is the amplitude.)

Multimode Fiber (Multi Mode Fiber)

Fibers that carry more than one mode are called multimode fibers. There are two types of multimode fibers. One type is step-index multimode fiber and the other type is graded-index multimode fiber.

step-index multimode fiber

Step index Multimode fibers for laser power medicine and industry applications

Step index Multimode fiber with ultra-high stability, reliability and long fiber life time for high power laser transmission

is a compromise between single-mode fibers and multimode

fibers. It offers bandwidth potential higher than MMF, but lower

than SMF, yet it has the light-gathering capability of MMF.

Graded-index multimode fiber (GRIN)

Fiber Technology

Fiber Technology

1. Bandwidths of up to 10Gbps

2. Streaming Whole Movies in HD

3. Effortless video conferencing with no lagging

4. Gaming in HD quality that never lags

1.VERY HIGH INFORMATION CARRING CAPACITY.

2.LESS ATTENUATION (order of 0.2 db/km)

3.SMALL IN DIAMETER AND SIZE & LIGHT WEIGHT

4.LOW COST AS COMPARED TO COPPER

5.FLEXIBLE AND EASY TO INSTALL IN TIGHT CONDUICTS

6.ZERO RESALE VALUE

7.DIFFICULT TO TAP FIBERS, SO SECURE

8.NO CROSS TALK AND DISTURBANCES

ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS

Jobs In Fiber Optics

• Designing components

• Manufacturing fiber, lasers, etc.

• Designing systems

• Installing networks

• Training and teaching

BY : SYED HASHIR AHMED

feedback

syedhashir@ymail.com

Presented By The Fiber Optic Association©2004, The Fiber Optic Association, Inc.