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ELEVENTH JULY TWO THOUSAND ELEVENFOURTH HOURFIRST MAIGNOU SEMINAR HALL
BYS. NEHRU
LIFE OF BACONLIFE OF BACON
22nd January 1561 York House, Strand, London
Nicolas BaconFather
Anne CookeMother
CAREER
• English Philosopher• Statesman• Scientist• Lawyer• Essayist
PHILOSOPHERSTRUGGLE WITH TRADITION
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY OF IDOLS
SYSTEM OF SCIENCES
MATTER THEORY AND COSMOLOGY
•IN 1584 AT MELCOMBE•IN 1586 AT TAUNTON•IN 1592 MIDDLESEX
IN 1613 BACON WAS APPOINTEDAS ATTORNEY GENERAL
IN 1596 BACON BECAMEQUEEN’S COUNSEL
IN 1617 HE WAS APPOINTEDAS THE LORD KEEPER
IN 1618,HE WASAPPOINTED, LORD CHANCELLOR
BACON SPLITS SCIENCE INTO TWO
•STUDIES THE VARIABLES•STUDIES THE CONSTANT
LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR APPLIED SCIENCE
EMPHASIZED EMPIRICAL METHODS
In 1582 he became a barrister and was installed as a reader at Gray's Inn
AS A LAWYER HE BECAMEIMMEDIATELY SUCCESSFUL
HIS KNOWLEDGE AND POWEROF PLEADING BECAME WIDELYKNOWN
• WROTE NUMEROUS ESSAYS
• LANGUAGE IS TERSE• PITHY SENTENCES• PACKED WITH
THOUGHT• NO
CIRCUMLOCUTIONS
FAMILYBacon’s father Sir Nicolas was the Lord Keeperof the Great Seal
Anne Cooke is the daughter ofSir Anthony Cooke, tutor ofEdward VI
Anne Cooke is the second wifeTo Nicolas Bacon
Lord Burghley is the maternal Uncle to Bacon
After his father’s death Baconbecame poor and he did notinherit much
Courted a wealthy widow LadyElizabeth Hatton in 1596 butFailed to end in marriage In 1606 he married
Alice Burnham
Anthony is hisElder brother
HONOURS
• KNIGHTED IN 1603• RECEIVED THE TITLE OF BARON
VERULAM IN 1618• VISCOUNT OF St. ALBAN
CHARGES OF CORRUPTION
PAID PENALTY
LOST POSITIONS IN COURT
IMPRISONED FOR FEW DAYS
9TH APRIL 1626 HIGHGATE,LONDONPNEUMONIA
MICHAELS CHURCHSt. ALBANS
THE AGE OF ELIZABETH(1550-1620) 1
• WORKS OF BACON CAN BE PLACED IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE AND THE JACOBEAN AGE
• MOST OF HIS WORKS PUBLISHED IN THE AGE OF ELIZABETH
• THE AGE OF ELIZABETH WAS WIDELY PEACEFUL AND AN AGE OF PROSPERITY
THE AGE OF ELIZABETH (1550-1620) 2
• THE AGE SAW RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE
• THE QUEEN WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR IT
• RELEGIOUS FEAR VANISHED
• A GREAT CREATIVE IMPULSE
• FREEDOM OF THE MIND GAVE STIMULUS TO LITERATURE
THE AGE OF ELIZABETH (1550-1620) 3
• AN AGE OF SOCIAL CONTENMENT
• PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED
• INCREASING TRADE BROUGHT ENORMOUS WEALTH TO ENGLAND
• IMPROVEMENT IN LIVING
• HAD ITS IMPACT ON LITERATURE
THE AGE OF ELIZABETH (1550-1620) 4
• EXPLORATION OF NEW LANDS
• TIME OF INTELLECTUAL LIBERTY
• COMFORT AMONG ALL CLASSES
• AGE OF UNBOUNDED PATRIOTISM
• PEACE AT HOME AND ABROAD
WORKS OF BACON
• The Advancement of Learning [1605]• Novum Organum [1620]• The Great Institution of True Philosophy or
Instauratio Magna [1620]• Essays [1597, 1612, 1625]• The New Atlantis [1626]• De Sapientia Veterum [1609]• The History of Henry VII [1622]
THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING
• PUBLISHED IN 1605
• IT DEALT WITH NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
• A PART OF THE INSTAURATIO MAGNA
NOVUM ORGANUM
• IT IS NEW INSTRUMENT
• USE OF REASON AND EXPERIMENT
• COLLECT FACTS BY MEANS OF NUMEROUS EXPERIMENTS AND DETERMINE THE LAW
• INDUCTION METHOD
The Great Institution of True Philosophy or Instauratio Magna
• MOST AMBITIOUS OF BACON’S WORKS
• CLASSIFICATION AND SUMMARY OF ALL HUMAN KNOWLEDGE
• IT HAD 6 PARTS
Essays
• THE FIRST TEN ESSAYS WERE PUBLISHED IN 1597
• IN 1612 SECOND EDITION WAS PUBLISHED WITH 38 ESSAYS
• IN 1625 IT WAS ENLARGED INTO 58 ESSAYS
The New Atlantis
• A KIND OF SCIENTIFIC NOVEL
• DESCRIBES ANOTHER UTOPIA AS SEEN BY BACON
• THE INHABITANTS OF ATLANTIS HAVE BANISHED PHILOSOPHY AND APPLIED BACON’S METHOD
• THEY HAVE A WONDERFUL CIVILIZATION
De Sapientia Veterum
• IT UNCOVERS DEEP MEANING UNDERLYING ANCIENT MYTHS
The History of Henry VII
• WORK OF HISTORY
• KNOWN FOR ACCURACY
• CALM AND DISPASSIONATE
FEATURES OF BACON’S WRITINGS
• SCIENTIFIC WITH AN IMPRESSIVE DEVOTION TO TRUTH
• INDUCTIVE METHOD OF REASONING• VERIFICATION OF RESULTS BY EXPERIMENT• SYSTEMATIC ORGANISATION OF THOUGHTS• PERENNIAL FRESHNESS• INTELLECTUAL POWER• KEEN SENSE OF OBSERVATION• PRACTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IN ROMANTIC AGE
FEATURES OF BACON’S PROSE
• Use of short and sharp statements
• Use of logical sequence
• Contraction and Expansion of Ideas
• Images from day to day life
• Use of Latin and Greek expressions