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Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
The long and harsh postwar period• All power Franco• One single party: FET y de
las JONS (“Movimiento”)• Clear fascist traits• Church and Army
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Cruel repression• Liberals, democrats,
socialists, communists, anarchists faced persecution, incarceration, and, in many cases, the execution squad
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Cruel repression• Almost 500.000 exiled• 270.000 prisoners in
1939…30.000 in 1950• No clear data about
executions (lots were not registered)
• 35.000 (1939-1950)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Social foundations of Franco’s regimeLand-owning, financial, andindustrial high bourgeoisie Catholic middle classes
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
The “años del hambre”1939-1950: scarcity and food shortageAutocracy (isolation + fascist economic ideology)“Black market” (“Estraperlo”) Corruption
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Ideological Foundations of FrancoismConcentration of power in FrancoAnti-comunismAnti-liberalismDefense of the unity of SpainTraditionalismMilitarismFascist traits
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
International isolationFranco was helped by the Axis powersNeutral, but supporter of the Axis“División Azul” to fight the USSR alongside the Nazis1946 Spain was vetoed to join the UNYears of isolation (1945-1953) terrible economic consequences
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Apertura frontera de Irún en 1948
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
The Cold War “saved” Franco New ennemy of the West: USSRFranco’s Spain: anti-communist stronghold1953: USA-Spain agreement1955: Spain joins UN1959: Visit of US President Eisenhower
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Economic liberalization and development years “Stabilization Plan” 1959Opening the economy to foreign markets in a flourishing period in western economyForeign investment IndustrializationEuropean tourism
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Development of middle classes and “consumer society”Huge migration movements (rural areas to cities, Spain towards Europe)Economic development appearance of extended middle clases “Consumer society” Household goods, such as TV and car, became symbols of this new society
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Insufficiencies of the economic developmentWeakness of public services (health and education)Inadequate infrastructures (roads…)Awful urban planning
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
More open and tolerant societyIn spite of all insufficiencies, Spanish society changed and became more open and tolerantIt facilitated the change towards democracy after Franco’s death
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Political stagnationLack of any political reformsHowever, some changes:Church (II Vatican Council) and regime drifted apartNationalist tensions (ETA)Labour conflicts When Franco died: growing social tensions + ETA terrorism
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
