GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING AND LEARNING
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING AND LEARNING
TEACHINGTeaching is an important part of the process of
education. Its special function is to impart knowledge, develop
understanding and skillsTeaching is usually associated with 3Rs
READING, WRITING, and ARITHMETIC.Teaching is a relationship which
is established among three focal points in education , TEACHER ,
STUDENT and SUBJECT MATTERTeaching is a process by which the
teacher brings the student and the subject matter together.
Aspects of teachingWho to teach?Whom to teach?Why to teach?What
to teach?How to teach?When to teach?Where to teach?
Nature and characteristics of teachingTeaching is a tri polar
process.Teaching is an interactive process.Teaching is an art as
well as science.Teaching is both formal and informal.Teaching is
conscious as well as unconscious process.Teaching takes place in
some social setup.Teaching is dynamic.Teaching is dominated by
communication skill.Teaching is task oriented.Teaching is telling,
showing and doing.Teaching is face to face interactionTeaching
facilitates learning.Teaching is therapy to learners.Teaching is
guiding the child.
Functions of teachingCreating a learning situation.Motivating
child to learnArranging for conditions which assist in the growth
of the childs mind and body.Inspire children.Giving information and
explaining it.Diagnosing learning problem.Make curricular
materials.Evaluate, recording, and reporting.
Phases of teaching
TEACHING LEARNING PROCESSTeaching learning process have 4 main
aspectsTeacherLearnerLearning processLearning environment
Maxims of teachingIt is a statement showing general
contentSimple to complexKnown to unknownSeen to unseenParticular to
generalConcrete to abstractWhole to partAnalysis to
synthesisIndefinite to definiteEmpirical to rationalPsychological
to logical
Benefits of maxims of teachingSimplifies the process of
teachingConcrete joyful teaching and learning environment.Brings in
purposeful teaching.Develops analysis and synthesis abilities of
student.Develop scientific attitude and critical thinking in
students.Learning by doing is possible.
Changing concept of classroom environmentThe methodologies are
shifted from teacher centeredness to learner centeredness. Now the
learner is not a passive listener but active constructor of
knowledge. So following changes in classroom environment can be
observed
FLEXIBILITY: The structure of the class is not fixed. It is to
be flexible for group discussion, activities, experiments etc.
STUDENT NATURE: The classrooms are inclusive with differently
able students which nececcitas special facilities and provisions in
the classrooms.
LEARNING LABS: The classrooms are closely linked with society:
interact with social groups and utilizes social resources.
ICT INTEGRATED: The classrooms are smart classes in the sense
that they are linked with web services to bring the world to the
classes. Classrooms are equipped with computers, LCD and
interactive white board etc.
CREATIVE WORKSHOPS: The classrooms are creative stations where
the learners generate novel and creative plans and designs and
display for all.
Virtual learning environment
VLE is a set of teaching and learning tools designed to enhance
a students learning experience by including computers and the
internet in the learning process.VLE are a popular method of
e-learning which refers to learning through electronic means. While
a VLE cannot fully replace the traditional classroom, it can be a
useful way of learning students who reside in many different
locations.
Teacher competencies
Subject competenciesTransactional competenciesPersonal
competencies
Competencies related to co-curricular activitiesCompetencies to
develop teaching and learning materials Evaluation
competencyManagement competency Competency related to working with
parentsCompetency to work with the community and other agencies
Qualities of a teacherT- thoughtful , trustworthy, tolerant,
talentedE-efficient energetic,
enthusiasticA-affectionateC-confident, caring, curious, committed,
characterH- honest, hardworking, humorousE-empatheticR-responsible,
resourceful
Multiple roles of teacher
Teacher as a leaderTeacher as a knowledge workerTeacher as a
facilitatorTeacher as a mentorTeacher as a scaffoldTeacher as a
social engineer
Teacher as a leader
Demonstrate skills and qualities so that learners are motivated
to follow.Ensure the group cohesion of the classroom.Resourceful in
decision-making.Coordinate all the activities of the class as well
as school.Support to satisfy the need of learners.
Teacher as a knowledge workerImpart knowledge and skills of
learners.Facilitate knowledge construction by learners.Promote
creativity to generate new knowledge.Be a lifelong learner by
seeking knowledge.Interpret and analyse information to right
knowledge.Apply knowledge for the right choice.
Teacher as a facilitatorPromote learning by providing conductive
environment.Promote student interaction and collaboration.Motivate
to continue the learning process.Encourage for active
learning.Clarify the doubts and clear the barriers in learning.
Teacher as a mentor
Be a parent for learner.Provide emotional support for
learning.Help to overcome the problems and stress of learning.Make
the learner to feel safe in the school.Be a dependable and loyal
person for the student.Be a resourceful in the needs of the
learner.
Teacher as a scaffold
Be a support of the learner.Provide full support in initial
stages.Give a hand whenever the learner has difficulties.Be
knowledgeable person to transfer values, culture and language.Make
the learner an independent problem solver
Teacher as social engineerMake the learner aware of the
society.Expand the classroom to the society.Utilise social
resources to make teaching effective .Demonstrate social
skills.Encourage cooperative learning process.Integrate social
issues in teaching learning process.Conscientise on the essential
social roles of learners.
