Sofía Thompson1st

Table of Contents 1st semester

• Preterit• Trigger Words Preterit • Car, Gar, Zar• Spock Verbs• Snake and Snakey• Cucaracha• Imperfect• Tigger Words Imperfect• Irregulars• Preterit vs. Imperfect• Ser vs. Estar• Verbs like Gustar

• Comparatives/Superlatives• Transition Words• Future• Trigger Words Future• Irregulars• Por• Para• Conditional• Irregulars

é íaste isteó ióamos imosasteis isteisaron ieron

• For actions that can be viewed as single events• For actions that were repeated a specific number of times• For actions that occurred during a specific period of time• For actions that were part of a chain of events• To state the beginning or the end of an action• Completed actions• Express beginning/end of a completed action• Narrate a series of past actions/events

AR ER/IR

anoche

ayer

ante ayer

un día Hace __ que__

el __ pasado

una vez

el mes pasado

el martes

a las ocho

-CAR changes to qué-GAR changes to gué-ZAR changes to cé

NOTE: ONLY CHANGES IN THE YO FOURM!

jugué jugamos

jugaste jugasteis

jugó jugaron

jugar

busqué buscamos

buscaste buscasteis

buscó buscaron

almorcé almorzamos

almorzaste almorzasteis

almorzó almorzaron

buscar almorzar

Ir/Ser

Dar/Ver

Hacer

fui

fuiste

fue

fuimos

fueron

hice

hiciste

hizo

hicimos

hicieron

di vi

diste viste

dio vio

dimos vimos

dieron vieron

Stem changers in usted and ustedescan change e ~ i or o ~u

Need to have “y” in the usted and ustedes leí leimos

leiste

leyó leyeron

dormí dormimos

dormiste

durmio duermieron

andarestarpoderponerquerersabertenervenirconducirproducirtraducirdecirtraer

anduv-estuv-pud-pus-quis-sup-tuv-vin-conduj-produj-traduj-dij-traj- } eron* in the

ellos/ellas/ustedes fourm

e

iste

o

imos

ieron

endings

aba ía

abas ías

aba ía

ábamos íamos

abais íais

aban ían

AR ER/IR• For actions that were repeated habitually• For actions that “set the stage” for another past action• For telling time• For stating one’s age• For mental states (usually)• For physical sensations (usually)• To describe the characteristics of people, things, or conditions

a veces

a menudo

de vez en cuando

mientas

muchas veceslos lunes

cada días

todos los días

frecuentemente

siempre

iba

ibas

iba

íbamos

ibais

ibanera

eras

era

éramos

erais

eran

veía

veías

veía

veíamos

veíais

veían

Ir

Ser

Ver

• Has a definite ending• Has a beginning/ending• The most recent past• Perfected time• Interrupting action• Snapshot

• The distant past• No definite ending or beginning • Imperfected time• Continuous action• Movie

HELPING

health

emotions

location

present condition}-ando

-endo-yendo

DOCTORPED

description

origin

characteristics

time

occupation

relationship

possession

events

dates

• Singular form used when infinitive form of verb follows• Often used in the conditional (would, should, could) to soften request • Use with pronouns : Me

Te Le

Nos Les

aburrir

encantar

faltar

fascinarimportar

interesar

molestar

quedar dolerdisgustar

preocuparapetecer

más (adjective) queel/la más (adjective) de

menos (adjective) queel/la menos (adjective) de

Irregulars:

bueno ~ mejorviejo ~ mayormalo ~ peorjoven ~ menor

With numbers:

más de or menos de with number

tan (adjective) como

******* must use adjective after tan!!

NOTE: Do not need adjective with these

Transition Wordsaunque even thoughtambién alsomientras whilea pesar de in spite ofpero butpor lo tanto thereforesin embargo/no obstante

nevertheless

infinitive + é infinitive + emosinfinitive + ás infinitive +éisinfinitive + á infinitive + án

• All verbs use the same endings• Must include the inifinitive of the verb with the appropriate ending

mañana

proximo día

dos horas

decir dirhacer harponer pondrsalir saldrtener tendrvaler valdrvenir vendrpoder podrquerer querrsaber sabrcaber cabrhaber habrhay habrá

NOTE: Use with the same endings as regular future tense verbs

• Passing through (PORtal)• General rather than specific location (PORtugal)• How long something lasts (PORever)• the cause of something (PORpuse)•an exchange (imPORt/exPORt)• doing something in place of or instead of something else (I’m POR, pay POR me)• a means of transportation (transPORtation)

• For whom something is done (surprise PARAty)• Destination (PARAguy)• The purpose for which something is done (PARAsites)• To express an opinion (PARAdon me)• To contrast or compare • To express idea of a deadline (PARAmedic)

ConditionalInfinitive +

ía

ías

ía

íamos

íais

ían

would

should

could

Caber Cabr-

Poner Pondr-

Decir Dir-

Haber Habr-

Salir Saldr-

Hacer Har-

Poder Podr-

Tener Tendr-

Querer Querr-

Valer Valdr-

Saber Sabr-

Venir Vendra-

Use the same endings as the regulars

Table of Contents 2nd semester

• Conditional + Irregulars• Present Perfect• Past Perfect• Present perfect irregulars• Subjunctive perfect • Tanto y Tan• Impersonal ‘Se’• Saber vs. Conocer• Los Mandatos• Informal/Formal

– Affirmative– Negative – Irregular – DOP + IOP placement

• Nosotros Commands

– Mono verbs• Subjunctive and Irregulars

– Trigger phrases– Impersonal expressions– Expressions of Emotion– Conjunctions of time

• Demonstrative Adjectives + Pronouns

• would; could; should

• used for a possibility, probability, or wonder

ía

Ías

Ía

Íamos

Ían

caber cabr-

poner pondr-

decir dir-

haber habr-

salir saldr-

hacer har-

poder podr-

tener tendr-

querer querr-

valer valdr-

saber sabr-

venir vendr-

Present Perfect• form of the present verb ‘hacer’ and the past participle of another verb

• time in the past + still time

• completed recently

•have or have not done

-ar ado

-er ido

-ir ido

he

has

ha

hemos

habéis

han

Past Perfect• a compound tense

• need the main verb and the verb had (haber)

había

habías

había

habíamos

habían

abrir abierto

cubrir cubierto

decir dicho

escribir escrito

hacer hecho

morir muerto

poner puesto

resolver resuelto

romper roto

ver visto

volver vuelto

ir ido

• used when a verb or expression requires the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or present perfect

• when the dependent clause is in the present or future, the present subjunctive is used

• when the dependent clause is in the past, use the present perfect subjunctive

hayahayashaya

hayamoshayan

haber + past participle

• tan: used with an adjective or adverb followed by como

• tanto: used with a noun followed by como; can be tanto, tanta, tantos, tantas

• use ‘se’ to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb

• when using ‘se’, the verb is always in the 3rd person

•‘se’ can be used in all tenses

• Se hizo mucho. Se haría mucho. Se había mucho

to know facts to know people, places, literary works

sé

sabes

sabe

sabemos

saben

conozco

conoces

conoce

conocemos

conocen

Los Mandatos the commands!

• can be formal or informal

• can be affirmative or negative

Informal/Formalusted/ustededs commands

• put in the yo form of the verb

• drop the ‘o’ and add the opposite ending (ar-e; er/ir-a)

• plural, add an ‘n’

• comer coma or coman

tu commands

• can be affirmative or negative

• affirmitive: conjugate the verb in the 3rd person present

hablar habla

• negative: conjugate to the ‘yo’ form, drop the o and add the opposite ‘tu’ ending

hablar no hables

Tu Commands (informal)

• conjuate to the ‘tu’ form and drop the ‘s’

•comer come

• cantar canta

Tu Commands (informal)

• put in the ‘yo’ form of the verb

• opposite vowel (ar-e; er/ir-a)

• add an ‘s’

•comer no comas

di

haz

ve

pon

sal

sé

ten

ven

informal TV DISHES

tener tengue/en

venir venga/an

dar or decir dé/en or diga/an

ir vaya/an

ser sea/an

hacer tener

estoy esté/en

saber sepá/an

affirmative commands:• the object pronouns are

attached at the end of the command of the verb; cómprelo

• when dealing with direct and indirect object pronouns, the indirect object pronoun is attached before the direct object pronoun: cómpremelo

negative commands:• the object pronoun

must be placed before the command; it cannot be attached

• just as with the affirmative commands, the direct object comes before the indirect object pronoun

• conjugate the ‘yo’ form of the verb in the present tense

• drop the ‘o’ and add the opposite nosotros ending (ar-emos; eri/ir-amos)

• hablar hablemos comer comamos

• with reflexive verbs, conjugate the command the same as regular nosotros commands, drop the ‘s’ of the command then attach the reflexive pronoun; referred to as mono verbs

• levantemos levantémonos

• Present Subjunctive is conjugated just like commands; conjuate to the yo form and change to the opposite vowel ending.

• The irregulars are conjugated in the irregular form and follow it. Irrgulars include dar, estar, ir, saber, and ser.

ar er ir

e a a

es as as

e a a

emos amos amos

en an an

Trigger Phraseses bueno que

es malo que

es necesario que

alegrar se de que

esperar que

sentir que

asi que

luego que

hasta que

es bueno que… it’s good that…

es mejor que… it’s better that…

es malo que… it’s bad that…

es importante que… it’s important that…

es necesario que… it’s necessary that…

es fácil que… it’s easy that…

Expressions of Emotion• a main clause (hope, fear, joy, pity, surprise) followed by the subordinate clause (subjunctive)

ojalá que (i hope that; i wish that)

es triste que (it's sad that)

es raro que (it's strange that)

sorprender (to surprise)

temer que(to be afraid that)

estar contento que (to be happy that)

snetir (to be sorry; to regret)

alegrarse de (to be happy)

• for conjunctions of time, you take the indicative form when the action in the subordinate clause is either habitual or in the past

• the subjunctive is used when the main clause is a command or in the future

así que as soon as

cuando when

despues de que after

en cuanto as soon as

hasta que until

luego que as soon as

tan pronto como as soon as

Demonstrative Adjectives + Pronouns

este/esta this

ese/esa that

aquel/aquella that over there

Singularestos/estas these

esos/esas those

aquellos/aquellas those over there

Plural