Gsec Rev

Name: Hiroki Naganuma Student Number: 13_10346

Department: Computer Science

The Air Pollution in China

- From the point of view of policy -

Contents

2.General measures to the current state of air pollution in China , policy trends and challenges

1.Legal system in China

In this chapter , the current situation and measures of air pollution in China , I think from a policy perspective

3.How to resolve problem by Japanese experience

Environmental law system in China , there is a " law " such as the overall environment Basic Law and environmental protection monographic Law to the upper, " administrative regulations " the State Council enact to the under . Furthermore” local law " is positioned under .In addition, the "Department laws and regulations” and "Local administrative regulations “ are exist under the "administrative regulations ".


Law State Council Enact

The overall environment Basic LawEnvironmental protection monographic Law

Administrative regulationsLocal law

Law Nation Enacts

Department laws and regulationsLocal administrative regulations

- About overall policy -


The flow that a country decides a law, and the district establishes in the same way.

Some Plans

Law

Prevention of air pollution Law

National acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution prevention Eleventh Five-Year Plan.Prevent the existing thermal power plant sulfur dioxide pollution Eleventh Five-Year Plan.

- focus on air pollution policy -


6

- Revision of the thermal power plant air pollutant emission standards -

" Thermal power plant air pollutant emission standards" has proposed a strict limit .

Fig1. Air pollutant emission limit values of the thermal power plant.Fuel and heat energy Type of over

conversion equipmentApplicable condition

Nitrogen oxide (calculated in NO2) limit values (mg / m3)

Pollutant discharge Out monitoring Ing position

Coal fired boiler All 200

Chimney walk flue

Boiler or Antofagasta over bin unit in which the heavy oil as fuel

Fuel boiler 200

Gas turbine unit 120

Boiler or gas turbine unit was the gas and

fuel

Natural gas boiler 100Other gas fuel boiler 200

Gas turbine unit of natural gas 50Other gas fuel of the gas turbine unit 120


Present Condition(1)

Even if the individual concentration is regulated, the total number of emissions is increased when number of emission sources increase. So,the Chinese government restricts the number of emissions.

In China , as air pollution , it has been mainly continued the concentration limit of sulfur dioxide (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter .

As a target of the eleventh Five-Year Plan ( 2006-2010 years) in 2010 , was decided that reduct 10% of emissions of sulfur dioxide(SOx) in 2005 ratio as a target.

Additionally, Chinese government was responsible for the goal . Emissions of 2010 was achieved reduction of 14.29% , which greatly exceeded the target in 2005 ratio .

Thus , it has been successful in suppression of increase in emissions for sulfur dioxide(SOx) .In recent years , pollution in urban areas due to nitrogen oxides(NOx) and particulate matter (PM2.5) has deteriorated .

Present Condition(2)

From November 7, 2014 up to 12 days , in the capital of Beijing, China , Asia Pacific Ocean Economic Cooperation (APEC) was held .　 Speaking of Beijing , it is a famous city in the severity of the " air pollution " , including particulate matter PM2 · 5. Since Chinese government didn’t want to be shamed ,it was carried out extensive and forced air improvement measures .

2. General measures to the current state of air pollution in China , policy trends and challenges

Specifically , Chinese government ordered the " production stop" for 2386 of companies in Hebei province , factory construction of 2445 also was interrupted . In addition , November 3 to 12 , to limit the number of possible entry car in Beijing city , the main road of the city 245 locations.They aim at “Beautiful apparent city”.

The large-scale " beautification campaign " , APEC is derided as " APEC Blue " , became carried to be held in a state without cloud.

- APEC blue -


However , APEC closing after , air pollution has gone back to the original in no time . The November 29 , pollution index , including the PM2 · 5 was reached as early as in the " danger level " .

- after APEC blue -


Since 1950 , the economy showed a rapid reconstruction and growth. Industrial development by high economic growth policy based on the " income doubling plan ", which was published in 1960 has been further accelerated .

In addition , large -scale petrochemical complex , the construction of such ironworks was promoted . This time , air pollution caused by soot , dust , sulfur oxides(SOx) associated with coal combustion at the center of the industrial city has become remarkable .

- Historical transition of the air pollution problem in Japan -


Air pollution has progressed in the major industrial cities across the country along with the heavy industry of the mid- 1900s To measure this , first, measures at the municipal level has been carried out prior to the measures at the national level .

In Osaka Prefecture , restrictions on chimney construction has been issued as Osaka Office Ordinance in 1891 .

- Air pollution-control measures which correspond to development of heavy industries in Japan -


Each local government in this way through the ordinance began work on air pollution prevention measures from their own standpoint , respectively .

"Smoke and Soot Regulation Law" which was established in 1962. It is the first measures at the national level .

- Measures of air pollution of the high economic growth period(1) -


After that ,In 1967 , “Basic Law for Environmental Pollution” was enacted . It can be said that later played an important role in solving Japan's pollution problem .

- Measures of air pollution of the high economic growth period(2) -


(Ⅰ) maintenance strengthening of regulatory measures for pollution prevention (Ⅱ) environmental standards setting (Ⅲ) development of a pollution prevention plan (Ⅳ) establishment of pollution dispute settlement system and Relief System

China


Japan

Law nation enacts Law province council enacts

Law nation enacts Law province council enacts

- Summary(1) -

By carried out by the local government , easy to grasp the situation . In addition , it can be managed so as to comply with the rules.

It can not be confirmed whether the rules are being followed in the provinces .

3.How to resolve problem by Japanese experience- Summary(2) -

Also with respect to NOx, it is necessary to make a policy which government is responsible .

As Japan has overcome the pollution of the high economic growth period in the past , it is necessary for local administration to make action.

Education

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