SPORT:

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HISTORY AND

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1st Sport to be Codified

• Cricket was the earliest modern team sport to be codified i.e. the cricket gave itself rules and regulations so that it could be played in a uniform and standardised way.

LAWS OF CRICKET

The first written Laws of Cricket were drawn up in 1744. They stated:

• The gentlemen present two umpires who shall absolutely decide all disputes.

• The stumps must be 22 inches high and the bail across them six inches.

• The ball must be between 5 and 6 ounces • The two sets of stumps 22 yards apart.

World’s First Cricket Club• The world’s first cricket club was formed in

Hambledon in the 1760s.

Marylebone Cricket Club(MCC)

• The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was founded in 1787.

• In1788, the MCC published its first revision of the laws and became the guardian of cricket’s regulations.

Changes occurred in 19th Century

• The rule about wide balls was applied • The exact circumference of the ball was

specified • Protective equipment like pads and gloves

became available • Boundaries were introduced where previously

all shots had to be run and, most importantly, over-arm bowling became legal.

Equipment

• The bat, the stumps and the bails are made of wood .

• The ball is made with leather, twine and cork.

• Pads and protective gloves are made of rubber.

• Helmets are made of metals and synthetic light wear material.

Thomas Arnold• Thomas Arnold, headmaster

of the famous Rugby School and founder of the modern public school system, saw team sport like cricket and rugby not just as outdoor play, but as an organised way of teaching English boys the discipline, the importance of hierarchy, the skills, the codes of honour and the leadership qualities that helped them build and run the British empire.

The spread of cricket

Cricket was established as a popular sport by• white settlers (as in South Africa, Zimbabwe,

Australia, New Zealand, the West Indies and Kenya)

• local elites who wanted to copy the habits of their colonial masters, as in India.

Frank Worrell

• The first time a black player led the West Indies Test team was in 1960 when Frank Worrell was named captain.

First Indian Club

• The first Indian Club, The Calcutta Cricket Club was established in 1792.

Oriental Cricket Club• The Parsis founded the First Indian Cricket Club, the

Oriental Cricket Club in 1848. • They were funded and sponsored by Tatas and Wadias.• They got no help from the whites.

Quadrangular And Pentangular

• Ranji Trophy was initially named Quadrangular because it was played by 4 teams:

• Europeans• Parsis• Hindus• Muslims• Later it was named Pentangular when a fifth

team was added that was Rest(Indian Christians).

India’s First Test Captain

• C.K. Nayudu was the first India’s test captain. He was an outstanding batsman of his time. He played his first test match against England in 1932.

First Test Match• The first test was played between England and

Australia when Australia was a white settler colony.

International Cricket Conference (ICC)

• The regulations of International cricket were in the hands of Imperial Cricket Conference(ICC).

• It was renamed International Cricket Conference in 1965.

• It was dominated by England and Australia.• They had the Veto powers.

Kerry Packer

• Kerry Packer was an Australian tycoon. he saw the money making potential of cricket as a televised sport .

• He signed world’s leading cricketers for 2 years

• He started unofficial tests and one day matches under the name of world series cricket.

• He bought the innovations to make cricket more attractive to television audience and changed the nature of the game.

Shifting of the ICC headquarters

• As India had the largest viewership. The ICC headquarters was shifted to Asia.

• Presently it is in Dubai.

• Today, the global marketplace has made Indian players the best-paid, most famous cricketers in the game, men for whom the world is a stage.

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