Human Resource Management and

Motivation

Shailesh Nema

Explain the importance of human resource management.

Describe how recruitment and selection contribute to placing the right person in a job.

Explain how training programs and performance appraisals help employees grow and develop.

Outline the methods employers use to compensate employees.

Discuss employee separation and the impact of downsizing and outsourcing.

Explain how Maslow’s hierarchy-of-needs theory, goal setting, job design, and managers’ attitudes relate to employee motivation.

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AGENDA

1) Providing qualified, well-trained employees for the organization.

2) Maximizing employee effectiveness in the organization.

3) Satisfying individual employee needs through monetary compensation, benefits, opportunities to advance, and job satisfaction.

Vital to All Organizations

Human resource management - function of attracting, developing, and retaining enough qualified employees to perform the activities necessary to accomplish organizational objectives. Three main objectives:

Human Resource Responsibilities

• 35% of human resource professionals report a shortage of job candidates with degrees related field.

• HR must be creative in searching for qualified employees.

• Businesses look both internally and externally.

Recruitment & Selection

• Must follow legal requirements.• Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission programs• Failure to follow these exposes

company to risk of litigation.• Hiring is a costly process for employers. • Some employers require employment

tests.

Selecting and Hiring Employees

Orientation and Training

Newly hired employee often completes an orientation program› Inform employees about company policies› Employee manuals› Describe benefits/programs› Training

Training Programs› On-the-job Training› Classroom and Computer-based Training› Management Development

• Performance appraisal - evaluation of an employee’s job performance

• Some firms conduct peer reviews while other firms allow employees to review their supervisors and managers.

• May conduct a 360-degree performance review, a process that gathers feedback from a review panel that includes co-workers, supervisors, team members, subordinates, and sometimes customers.

Performance Appraisals

• Wages - compensation based on an hourly pay rate or the amount of output produced.

• Salary - compensation calculated on a periodic basis, such as weekly or monthly.

• Most firms base compensation decisions on five factors:1) Salaries and wages paid by other companies that compete

for the same people

2) Government legislation, including the federal or local minimum wage

3) The cost of living

4) The firm’s ability to pay

5) Worker productivity

Compensation

Incentive Compensation

• Employee Benefits - Rewards such as retirement plans, health insurance, vacation, and tuition reimbursement

provided for employees either entirely or in part at the

company’s expense• EOBI, medical leaves, increments, etc• Costs of health care are increasingly being shifted to

workers.• Retirement plans have become a big area of concern

for businesses.

Employee Benefits

• Employees are provided a range of options from which they can choose.– Medical, dental, vision, life and disability insurance

• Many companies also offer flexible time off policies instead of establishing a set number of holidays, vacations days and sick days.

• Companies sometimes provide paid time off (PTO) programs.

Flexible Benefits

• Allow employees to adjust their working hours and places of work to accommodate their personal needs.

• Flextime allows employees to set their own work hours within constraints specified by the firm.

• A compressed workweek allows employees to work the regular number of weekly hours in fewer than the typical five days.

• A job sharing program allows two or more employees to divide the tasks of one job.

• A home-based work program allows employees, or telecommuters, to perform their jobs from home instead of at the workplace

Flexible Work

• Voluntary turnover: employees leave firms to start their own businesses, take jobs with other firms, move to another city, or retire. – Some firms ask employees who leave voluntarily to participate in exit

interviews to find out why they decided to leave. – Successful companies are clearly focused on retaining their best workers.

• Involuntary turnover: employers terminate employees because of poor job performance, negative attitudes toward work and co-workers, or misconduct such as dishonesty or sexual harassment. – Necessary because poor performers lower productivity and

employee morale. – Employers must carefully document reasons when terminating

employees.

Employee Separation

• Downsizing - process of reducing the number of employees within a firm by eliminating jobs

• Downsizing doesn’t guarantee improvements or cost savings.

• Devastating impact on employee morale

• Encourages employees to put individual career success ahead of company loyalty

Downsizing/Outsourcing

• Outsourcing - contracting with another business to perform tasks or functions previously handled by internal staff members

• Focus on business competitiveness and flexibility

• Get best price among competing bidders while avoiding long-term costs of in-house operations

• Motivation starts with good employee morale, the mental attitude of employees toward their employer and jobs.

• High morale = sign of a well-managed organization• Poor morale shows up through absenteeism,

employee turnover, strikes, falling productivity, and rising employee grievances

Motivating Employees

• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: people have five levels of needs that they seek to satisfy.

• A satisfied need is not a motivator; only needs that remain unsatisfied can influence behavior.

• People’s needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance; once they satisfy one need, at least partially, another emerges and demands satisfaction.– Physiological needs– Safety needs– Social (belongingness) needs– Esteem needs– Self-actualization needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene Factors Job Environment Salary Job Security Personal Life Working Conditions Status Interpersonal

Relations Supervision Company Policies

Motivator Factors Achievement Recognition Advancement The job itself Growth Opportunities Responsibility

Expectancy Theory and Equity TheoryExpectancy Theory – the process people use to evaluate the likelihood their effort will yield the desired outcome and how much they want the outcome.

Equity Theory – individual’s perception of fair and equitable treatment.

• Goal: target, objective, or result that someone tries to accomplish.

• Goal-setting theory - people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement.

Goal-Setting Theory

Systematic and organized approach that allows managers to focus on attainable goals and achieve the best results.

MBO helps motivate individuals by aligning their objectives with the goals of the organization.

MBO Principals:› A series of related organizations, goals, and objectives› Specific objectives for each individual› Participative decision making› Set time period to accomplish goals› Performance evaluation and feedback

Management by Objective

• Two assumptions manager make about employees, according to psychologist Douglas McGregor:

• Theory X: employees dislike work and try to avoid it whenever possible; managers must coerce or control them or threaten punishment to achieve the organization’s goals.

• Theory Y: typical person likes work and learns to accept and seek responsibilities; managers assume creative people solve work-related problems.

• A third theory from management professor William Ouchi:• Theory Z: worker involvement is key to increased productivity

for the company and improved quality of work life for employees.

Managers’ Attitudes and

Motivation

THANK YOU