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Various insulin pumps used to deliver insulin to the human body and its application along with its advantages and disadvantages are outlined in this presentation.
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SEMINAR PRESENTATION
TOPIC: INSULIN PUMPS
Subject incharge:Mr. Junise VazhayilAsst. ProfessorDept. of PharmaceuticsAl Shifa College of Pharmacy
Presented by:Muhammed Fahad1st MPharm Pharmaceutics(3rd Batch)Al Shifa College of Pharmacy
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• People with diabetes cannot make their own insulin, a hormone that is normally secreted by the pancreas. Insulin is essential to metabolise sugar and hence generate energy
• Currently most diabetics inject insulin 2 or more times per day, with the dose injected based on readings of their blood sugar level
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INSULIN PUMP
• A personal insulin pump is an external device that mimics the function of the pancreas
• It uses an embedded sensor to measure blood sugar level at periodic intervals and
• then injects insulin to maintain the blood sugar at a ‘normal’ level
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• Designed to transmit drugs and fluids into blood stream without repeated insertion of needles
• well suited to the drug delivery requirements of:– insulin, – steroids, – chemotherapeutics,– antibiotics,– analgesics,– and heparin.
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Early Insulin Pumps (early 1970s)
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Present Day Insulin PumpsPresent Day Insulin Pumps
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Insulin delivery system
• Data flow model of software-controlled insulin pump
Insulinrequirementcomputation
Blood sugaranalysis
Blood sugarsensor
Insulindeliverycontroller
Insulinpump
Blood
Bloodparameters
Blood sugarlevel
Insulin
Pump controlcommands Insulin
requirement
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Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
B SL HS B
Insu
lin
Eff
ect
BolusBolus
BasalBasal
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Insulin Delivery as a Model Implant Pump System
• Implantable drug delivery systems are placed completely under the skin — usually in a convenient location.
• Generally placed in the anterior subcutaneous tissue of chest/abdomen for concealment.
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Insulin Delivery as a Model Implant Pump System
• designed to necessitate external control of the drug delivery rate or volume of drug (unlike conventional controlled-release formulations)
• primary driving force for delivery is the pressure pressure differencedifference. – generated by pressurizing a drug reservoir with a
pump• by osmotic action (osmotic pumps), • by direct mechanical actuation.
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Characteristics for an ideal pumpCharacteristics for an ideal pump
• Deliver drug within prescribed rates prescribed rates for extended periods (2-5 yrs).
• Accuracy & precision.• ReliableReliable.• Chemically, physically & biologically stablestable.• CompatibleCompatible with drugs.• Non-antigenic & non-carcinogenic.• Must have overdose protectionoverdose protection.
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• ConvenientConvenient to use.• Implantable by local anesthesia.• Able to monitormonitor the performance of the pump.• Must be sterilizablesterilizable.• Have wide delivery ratewide delivery rate for basal & bolus deliveries to
meet patient variability.• Long reservoir & battery life and easy programmability.
Characteristics for an ideal pump:Characteristics for an ideal pump:
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Types of Pump
• Peristaltic pump• Fluorocarbon propellant-driven pump• Osmotic pump• Controlled-release micropump
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Peristaltic PumpsPeristaltic Pumps
• Construction:– Pump, electronics & battery.– Titanium chamber provide hermatic seal.– Further coatedto improve biocompatibilty.
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Peristaltic Pumps
• Figure 1: Cross-sectional view of the DAD showing key components
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Drug Administration Device (DAD)
Advantages: Use of wide variety of drugs. Precise delivery of potent & narrow therapeutic
substances. Less risk of infection since it is fully implanted. Performed using local anesthesia & on
outpatient basis. Presence of alarm system makes the pump
more safe.16
Fluorocarbon Propellant-Driven Pumps:• Construction:
Hollow titanium disk, moveable pistons 2 chambers—inner-->drug; outer-->flurocarbon
liquid Self-sealing silicon rubber & Teflon, bacterial filters,
catherter.
• Working: Vaporization of flurocarboninner chamber
compressdrug release through catheter Adjust flow rate by increasing viscosity
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Osmotic Pumps
• Moveable piston maintain pressure in reservoir
• Semipermeable membrane
Figure 2: Schematic representation of a generic osmotic pump
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Controlled-release micropump
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Controlled-release micropump• Diffusion across a rate-controlling membrane for basal
delivery.• Augmented by rapidly oscillating piston acting on a
compressible disk of foam—achieved without valves by repeated compression of the foam disk by a coated piston.
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