WELCOME ALL

A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

Presentation By:

HARI P. M.+91 9447 175906haripulikiyil@gmail.com

CONTENTS

COMPOSITION OF IMPORTS COMPOSITION OF EXPORTSDIRECTOIN OF IMPORTSDIRECTION OF EXPORTSSTATISTICS OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

INTRODUCTION

Foreign trade has played a crucial role in India s economy and its growth, the composition and direction of foreign trade has undergone substantial changes particularly after the liberalization process which began in early 1990’s.

Over the years, India's trade with other countries have gone up substantially. Apart from that, India is now a major player in global trading systems and all the major sectors of Indian economy are linked to the world outside either directly or indirectly through international trade.

COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN TRADE

It means that goods that we are importing and exporting.

Composition of trade has both import and export.

IMPORTS

It refers to goods that we buy from other countries.

At times of independence India was an agrarian economy.

Partition of our country has brought food shortage because wheat growing regions vested with Pakistan.

Hence India need to import in large quantities, food , cotton jute. Etc

With development of economy over these days, there occurred changes in composition of imports.

The development required setting up of industries modernization of agriculture etc.

Capital goods like machinery chemicals fertilizers metals minerals petroleum products etc.

COMPOSITION OF INDIAS IMPORTS

PETROLEUM PRODUCTSCAPITAL GOODS PEARLS AND PRECIOUS GEMS

IRON AND STEEL FERTILIZERS EDIBLE OIL

COMMODITY GROUP

PERCENTAGE SHARE IN 1990-91

PERCENTAGE SHARE IN 2008-09

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

24.9 30.9

CAPITAL GOODS 24.1 22.3

PEARLS AND PRECIOUS GEMS

8.7 6.4

IRON AND STEEL 5.0 3.1

FERTILIZERS 4.1 1.5

EDIBLE OIL .8 1.4

OTHERS 32.4 34.4

TOTAL PERCENTAGE Source : statistical

100out line of India 09-10

100

COMPOSITION OF EXPORTS

Exports means that we are selling commodities to other countries.

At the time of independence our exports comprise of agricultural products like tobacco, spices, raw materials of cotton and jute etc.

Due to industrialization the proportion of raw materials in our exports declined.

Over these years efforts are made to diversify and expand the the list

we are now exporting , .food products .Marine products .Textiles .Ores and minerals .Manufactured goods . Spices .Transport equipments

COMMODITY GROUP

PERCENTAGE SHARE IN 1990-91

PERCENTAGE SHARE IN 2008-09

AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

19.5 10.2

ORES AND MINERALS

4.4 5.2

MANUFACTURED GOODS

73.0 72.0

CRUDE AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

2.9 11.5

UNCLASSIFIED ITEMS

0.2 1.1

TOTAL PERCENTAGE Source : statistical

100out line of India 09-10

100

DIRECTION OF INDIA’S FOREIGN TRADE

Direction means countries to which India exports its goods ,and countries from which it imports.

Direction of trade also helps to understand the diplomatic relationship maintained by India with other countries of trade.

DIRECTION OF INDIAS FOREIGN TRADE

OECDOPECEASTERN EUROPEASEAN

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT - ( OECD)

IT COMPRISE OF ,

. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

. CANADA . EUROPEAN UNION (EU) .AUSTALIA . JAPAN

ORGANISATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES – (OPEC)

IT INCLUDES, .KUWAIT .IRAN .IRAQ .SAUDI ARABIA

EASTERN EUROPE

IT INCLUDES,

. ROMANIA . RUSSIA . USSR

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IT INCLUDES,

.CHINA .HONGKONG .SOUTH KOREA .SINGAPORE .MALASIA . THAILAND

DIRECTION OF INDIAS EXPORTCOUNTRIES TO WHICH INDIA’S EXPORT

1990-1991 % OF TOTAL

2008-2009 % OF TOTAL

OECD 56.4 44.3

OPEC 5.6 14.8

EASTERN EUROPE 17.9 1.9

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

17.1 38.7

OTHERS 3.0 0.3

TOTAL PERCENTAGE Source : statistical

100out line of India 09-10

100

DIRECTION OF INDIAS IMPORTSCOUNTRIES INDIA IMPORT FROM

1990-1991 % OF TOTAL

2008-2009 % OF TOTAL

OECD 54.00 32.73

OPEC 16.3 7.7

EASTERN EUROPE

7.8 2.61

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

18.4 25.9

OTHERS 3.5 31.1

TOTAL PERCENTAGE Source : statistical

100out line of India 09-10

100

CONCLUSION

India has trade relations with major trading blocks. As per available information up to 2008-09(April – February) the share of Asia and ASEAN region comprising South Korea, East Asia ,Mid Eastern and Gulf countries accounted for 51.4% of India s total exports and share of Europe and America is 23.8% and 16.5%.

Arab emirates 10.8%, china 5.8%, Singapore 14.7% Netherlands 3.7% Germany 3.4% Belgium 2.6% Asia and Asean accounted for 61.7% of total exports during the period.

REFERENCES * Government of India (2008) Economic reforms Two years of the task ahead, Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs.

* Reserve Bank Of India(2008-2009), Hand Book Of Statistics On The Indian Economy.

* India s Foreign Trade Policy And WTO (1991-2003), Vibha Mathur , New Century Publications, New Delhi.