IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST BENEFICENT AND THE MERCIFUL

INTERNSHIP REPORTPRESENTATION

MUHAMMAD SAJID ASLAM

2009-ag-2138

Introduction to

AARI

ERI

90 Days at AARI

Individual Project

Efficacy of different insecticides on predatory 7-spotted ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

INTERNSHIP PLACE (AARI)My internship place was Entomological Research Institute (ERI) at AyubAgriculture Research Institute (AARI),Faisalabad.

The basic purpose of AARI is to introduce new technologies in the field of Agriculture via research activities

AARI is administrated by the Secretary, Government of the Punjab, Agriculture Department, Lahore and headed by the Director General Agri. (Research), Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. Main campus is located in Faisalabad.

The institute has also its

Research stations, Sub-stations,

Testing centers, Service laboratories

and research cum demonstration farms

Located throughout the province of the Punjab to cater

ecological specific technology needs.

OBJECTIVES OF AARI

The main objectives of this Research Institute are

Improvement of crop varieties.

Development of production technology.

Control of diseases and insect/pests.

Introduction of new industrial/food plants.

Preservation/processing of agricultural products.

Post-Harvest Technology of fruit and vegetable crops.

Farmer’s advisory service.

Utilization of latest research in biotechnology for crop improvement

ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ERI)

In ERI my internship supervisor was and co-supervisor

Mr. Dilbar Hussain Mr. Muhammad Saleem

Entomology Research Institute founded in 1906 as a section of Agriculture College, Layllpur.

When Ayub Agriculture Research Institute is founded in 1962, it became independent Entomological Section.

In 2004, as its marvelous achievements considered, it is upgraded to a new institute of A.A.R.I.

OBJECTIVES OF ERI

Survey and identification of useful and harmful insects and mites ofcrops, fruits, Vegetables and stored grains in different areas of theProvince.

Development of effective and economical control measures.

Development of taxonomy, ecology and biology of major insect pestsand mites.

Determination of magnitude of qualitative and quantitative food/croplosses.

Screening of varieties of main crop against major insects pests and mitesto find out Resistant/high yielding varieties.

Testing of new pesticides against major insect pests of agricultural cropfor Standardization and recommendation.

Guidance for the farmers in diagnosing the insect pest problems andtheir control Measures.

Disseminate knowledge gained through research activities throughelectronic and print Media.

LABORATORIES OF ERIINSECTICIDE RESISTANCE LABORATORY

TRICHOGRAMMA REARING LABORATORY

CRYSOPERLA CARNEA REARING LAB

STORED GRAIN LABORATORY

COTTON MEALY BUG RESEARCH LABORATORY

90 DAYS AT AARI Reception and Introduction

Field Visits

Sunflower Maize

Chickpea Cotton

Wheat Onion

Tomato Cabbage

Individual Project

Efficacy of different insecticides on predatory 7-spotted ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

INDIVIDUAL PROJECT

WHEAT

Wheat is staple food in Pakistan

Its grow on maximum land of overall Pakistan

Mainly its damage by aphid.

Aphid population can be control by taking some measures

• Biological control

Ladybird beetle is most effective biological control in wheat crop pests.

Triticum aestivum

By ProductsBreads, pastries, pan-cake, cake

flours, cookie dough, pies, croutons,

pizza, dough, cakes, ice cream, ice

cream cones

Processed cheese spreads and

cheese food, egg noodles, whiskey,

beer

Chewing gum

INTRODUCTION

Ladybird beetle is most effective biological control against wheat aphid.

But now a days excessive use of pesticides directly or indirectly affecting its population and causing decrease in its ability to prey

Its larvae and adult both feed on aphid. So that’s why its most efficient biological control of aphid in wheat

Conservation of LBB is necessary now-a-days to sustain its population

By keeping in mind this purpose

To check % mortality in the ladybird beetle, I conduct a trial (Bioassay) against 4 different insecticides

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was conducted at Insecticide Resistance Lab inthe Entomology Research Institute (ERI) of Ayub AgricultureResearch Institute (AARI) during internship period 2013. Theexperiment was laid out in complete randomize design(CRD) followed by five treatments of each insecticide withFive replications and 2 treatment with water as controlled.First of all i collected the larvae of 7-spotted ladybird beetlefrom the wheat crop at AARI and rear them in lab at 25 + 2oC and 60-65 % Relative humidity until adults emerged.

Materials: Jars, camel hair brush, petridishes, beakers(500ml), pipette, stirrer, fore-sap, sunflowerleaf, leaf cutter, insecticides

INSECTICIDES USED

Sr. no Active Ingredient Trade Name/Formulation Dose(ml/acre)

1 Imidachloprid Confidor 20SL 250

2 Acetameprid Moziban 20SL 145

3 Emamectin Benzoate Emamectin 1.9EC 200

4 Spinosad Tracer 240SC 80

STEP WISE PROCEDURE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The data was recorded after 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours. The percentage mortality in each treatment by sticking with a formula

Number of insect died

Percent Mortality = ------------------------------------------ x 100

Total number of insect present

The calculated data was subjected to Probit Analysis for the determination of LC50 & LC90.

Time LC50 F.L Slop +S.E Chi-Square P Regression line

(Hours) L.F.L U.F.L X2

3 9705.97 6558.83 9177.5 0.021+0.19 1.8 0.59 0.021-1.21X

6 8618.84 5650.47 6224.6 0.011+0.17 1.22 0.73 0.011-0.93X

12 7139.3 4569.74 4633.9 0.009+0.16 0.95 0.8 0.009-0.71X

24 5430.36 3239.15 3394.8 0.019+0.16 0.8 0.846 0.019-0.51X

48 3613.94 883.304 957.3 0.012+0.15 0.71 0.868 0.012-0.33X

LC50 value and regression analysis of different concentrations of Imidachloprid Insecticide against adults of 7-spotted lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

Time LC90 F.L Slop +S.E Chi-Square P Regression line

(Hours) L.F.L U.F.LX2

3 19903.7 12614.3 63909.3 0.021+0.19 1.8 0.59 0.021-1.21X

6 20393.1 12420.2 13223.2 0.011+0.17 1.22 0.73 0.011-0.93X

12 19981.3 11887.1 13109.1 0.009+0.16 0.95 0.8 0.009-0.71X

24 18895.6 11117.4 12243 0.019+0.16 0.8 0.846 0.019-0.51X

48 17285.9 10166 15667 0.012+0.15 0.71 0.868 0.012-0.33X

LC90 value and regression analysis of different concentrations of Imidachloprid Insecticide against adults of 7-spotted lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

33 40 47 53 60

2633

4047

54

20

27

33

40

47

13

20

27

33

40

7

14

20

27

34

0

50

100

150

200

250

3 h 6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h

Mo

rta

lity

(%

)

TIME

Imidachloprid

7000 3500 1750 875 437.5

% Mortality of adults of Coccinella septempunctata against different concentration of

Imidachloprid after different exposure periods.

Time LC50 F.L Slop +S.E Chi-Square P Regression line

(Hours) L.F.L U.F.L X2

3 324.886 115.847 175.935 0.3+0.45 0.048678 0.009 0.3-1.75X

6 197.173 77.9531 138.956 0.27+0.42 0.015784 0.015 0.27-1.43X

12 106.446 46.8524 209.538 0.25+0.41 0.004475 0.019 0.25-1.18X

24 53.9296 19.8639 81.7423 0.24+0.40 0.000602 0.021 0.24-0.98X

48 26.7756 1.76653 7.6948 0.24+0.39 0.000602 0.021 0.24-0.80X

LC50 value and regression analysis of different concentrations of Emamectin Insecticide against adults of 7-spotted lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

Time LC90 F.L Slop +S.E Chi-Square P Regression line

(Hours) L.F.L U.F.L X2

3 22245.5 1445.71 1545.31 0.3+0.45 0.048678 0.009 0.3-1.75X

6 22349 1279.94 1324.77 0.27+0.42 0.015784 0.015 0.27-1.43X

12 16655 1004.32 1122.15 0.25+0.41 0.004475 0.019 0.25-1.18X

24 9879.61 721.141 823.04 0.24+0.40 0.000602 0.021 0.24-0.98X

48 4905.15 482.294 552.60 0.24+0.39 0.000602 0.021 0.24-0.80X

LC90 value and regression analysis of different concentrations of Emamectin Insecticide against adults of 7-spotted lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

40 47 53 60 67

3340

4753

6027

3440

4753

20

27

33

40

47

13

20

27

33

40

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

3 h 6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h

MO

RTA

LITY

(%

)

TIME

Emamectin

152 76 38 19 9.5

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

% Mortality of adults of Coccinella septempunctata against different

concentration of Emamectin after different exposure periods.

Time LC50 F.L Slop +S.E Chi-Square P Regression line

(Hours) L.F.L U.F.LX2

3 2566.21 897.812 980.271 0.32+0.69 0.088818 0.007 0.32-2.58X

6 1696.54 632.223 724.3250 0.28+0.64 0.027663 0.012 0.28-2.11X

12 963.591 405.286 640.399 0.26+0.61 0.008739 0.017 0.26-1.79X

24 501.014 218.225 298.177 0.24+0.60 0.001945 0.02 0.24-1.54X

48 250 51.9877 62.0221 0.24+0.59 0.000181 0.021 0.24-1.35X

LC50 value and regression analysis of different concentrations of Acetamiprid Insecticide against adults of 7-spotted lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

Time LC90 F.L Slop +S.E Chi-Square P Regression line

(Hours) L.F.L U.F.LX2

3 126250 9490.5 9838 0.32+0.69 0.088818 0.007 0.32-2.58X

6 153146 9111.74 9835 0.28+0.64 0.027663 0.012 0.28-2.11X

12 131091 7553.96 8236 0.26+0.61 0.008739 0.017 0.26-1.79X

24 86533.7 5653.8 3605 0.24+0.60 0.001945 0.02 0.24-1.54X

48 46703.5 3911.57 4381 0.24+0.59 0.000181 0.021 0.24-1.35X

LC90 value and regression analysis of different concentrations of Acetamiprid Insecticide against adults of 7-spotted lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

37 43 50 57 6430

3744

5057

2430

3643

50

17

23

30

37

43

10

17

24

30

37

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

3 h 6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h

MO

RTA

LITY

(%

)

TIME

ACETAMEPRID

152 76 38 19 9.5

% Mortality of adults of Coccinella septempunctata against different concentration of

Acetamiprid after different exposure periods.

Time LC50 F.L Slop +S.E Chi-Square P Regression line

(Hours) L.F.L U.F.L X2

3 47523.2 15523.7 17592 0.33+1.06 0.706594 0.008 0.33-3.58X

6 41393.2 12512.7 12634.9 0.27+0.97 0.363142 0.019 0.27-2.88X

12 20957.7 15971 18216 0.27+0.93 0.599079 0.014 0.27-2.73X

24 8228.32 3625.9 3688 0.25+0.89 0.447261 0.931 0.25-2.25X

48 3567.92 372.356 419.315 0.23+0.88 0.100311 0.028 0.23-1.90X

LC50 value and regression analysis of different concentrations of Spinosad Insecticide against adults of 7-spotted lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

Time LC90 F.L Slop +S.E Chi-Square P Regression line

(Hours) L.F.L U.F.L X2

3 2229398 155692 159999 0.33+1.06 0.706594 0.008 0.33-3.58X

6 4658956 183711 193734 0.27+0.97 0.363142 0.019 0.27-2.88X

12 2236454 130283 135676 0.27+0.93 0.599079 0.014 0.27-2.73X

24 1382271 89251.2 89867.8 0.25+0.89 0.447261 0.931 0.25-2.25X

48 882879 62599.6 62899.9 0.23+0.88 0.100311 0.028 0.23-1.90X

LC90 value and regression analysis of different concentrations of Spinosad Insecticide against adults of 7-spotted lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)

33 40 47 57 6427

3037

4757

2327

34

4450

1724

30

40

47

7

14

17

27

37

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

3 h 6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h

MO

RTA

LITY

(%

)

TIME

SPINOSAD

152 76 38 19 9.5

% Mortality of adults of Coccinella septempunctata against different

concentration of Spinosad after different exposure periods.

CONCLUSION

Imidachloprid is safer for ladybird beetles because it hasminimum mortality 60% at its maximum ppm concentrationagainst maximum exposure time

While, Acetameprid and Spinosad are moderately toxic64%) against their maximum ppm concentration atmaximum exposure time

Emamactin is highly toxic to ladybird beetle, it has causesmaximum mortality (67%) as compare to other insecticides

REFERENCES

• Sathe, T.V. and Y.A. Bhosale, 2001. Insect pest predators. Daya publishing house, Delhi, pp: 124.

• Chowdhury, S.P., M.A. Ahad, M.R. Amin, M.R. Amin and N.A. Rasel, 2008. Bean aphid predation efficiency of lady bird beetle, Micraspis discolor F. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J. Soil Nature, 2(3): 40-45.

• Hassan, M.N., 2002. Evaluation of commercially available insecticides on ladybird beetls. M.S. thesis. Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur.

• Ganapathy, N. and C. Durairaj, 1995. Contact toxicity of insecticides to Menochilus sexmachulatus. Indian J. Pulses Res., 8(2): 197-198.

• DeBach, P., 1964. Biological control of insect pests and Weeds. Chapman and Hall ltd., New Peter Lane, London, pp: 843.

• Zeb, Q., H. Badshah, H. Ali, R.A. Shah and M. Rehman. 2011. Population of aphids on different varieties/lines of wheat and their effect on yield and thousands grain weight. Sarhad J. Agric. 27(3): 443-450.

• He, Y., J. Zhao, Y. Zheng, N. Desneux and K. Wu, 2012. Lethal effect of imidacloprid on the coccinellid predator Serangium japonicum and sublethal effects on predator voracity and on functional response to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Ecotoxicol., 21(5): 1291-1300.

MUHAMMAD SAJID ASLAM