An Analytical Study of Education Scenario in Kerala

A Research Project

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION

By

Sajid Hushain

Enrollment No.131142

Submitted To

DEPARTMENT OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION

INVERTIS UNIVERSITY

BAREILLY 243123 (UP)

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Meenakshi H. VermaAssociate Professor

Invertis University Bareilly

2016

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Dr. Meenakshi H.Verma

Associate Professor

Invertis Institute of Journalism & Mass Communication

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the declaration made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. He has

carried out this work independently under my supervision and has worked under my guidance for more than

Three Months. This Research is a bonafide work and has not been submitted for a degree at any other university.

(Dr. Meenakshi.H.Verma)

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Acknowledgement

On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt obligation towards all the personages who have helped me in this endeavor. Without their active guidance, help, cooperation & encouragement, I would not have made headway in the project. I am ineffably indebted to Dr. Meenakshi Verma for conscientious guidance and encouragement to accomplish this assignment. I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to my faculty Mrs. Meenakshi Verma for her valuable guidance and support on completion of this project in its presently.

I extend my gratitude to Invertis University for giving me this opportunities. I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents and members of my family, who has always support me morally as well as economically. At last but not least gratitude goes to all of my friends who directly or indirectly helped me to complete this project report.

I would also like to thank Mr. Tarun Agarwal who, instead of his busy schedule, always guided me in right direction.

Sajid Hushain

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Preface

Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence. Kerala has a unique place in the educational map of India. Educational initiatives spearheaded by various agencies for the last one century made Kerala the most literate state in India. During a period when the number of childhood in the school going age has been on the decline, hundreds of new private English medium schools are cropping up in every nook and corner of the state. At the same time, more than a thousand schools have been declared uneconomic. The educational scenario in Kerala is far advanced than other states of India. The Kerala model of development owes it attributed success to the achievements in the area of education and health.

In this scenario the purpose of educational statistics per se seems dubious. Developments have changed the total outlook about the education in Kerala. Kerala’s achievements in the field of education – near total literacy, free and universal primary education. As a student of mass communication, I wished to study about Kerala education an analytical point of view to help myself understand how to Kerala become a first state to achieve 100% primary education.

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DECLARATION

I, hereby, declare that the present research work entitled “An Analytical Study of Education Scenario in Kerala” Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of the Bachelor of Journalism & Mass Communication from Invertis University, Bareilly (UP), is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the guidance of Dr. Meenakshi Verma, Assistant Professor, Invertis University, Bareilly.

The matter embodied herein has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma.

( Sajid Hushain )

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TABLE OF CONTENT:-

Abstract

Chapter- 1

Introduction

Aim of the Study

Literature Review

Research Methodology

Chapter- 2 Education system in Kerala

Levels of education

Primary or Elementary Education Secondary (High School) and Higher Secondary education Vocational Schools Higher Education

Chapter- 3 Education scenario in Kerala

Literacy Rate of Kerala

Adult Education

Women's Education

Conclusion

Chapter- 4

Findings & Analysis

References

An Analytical Study of Education Scenario in Kerala

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Abstract

The importance and antiquity of education in Kerala is understanding by the state’s ranking as among the most literate in the country. Kerala‘s achievement in social development and quality of life are, no doubt, inspiring and encouraging. The society attaches so much importance to education that the school in Kerala is really the nucleus of the social microcosm. Better education kindles the aspirations of the people and the main concern is on how to improve the quality of education. The history of western education in Kerala can be traced to Christian missionaries who set up a number of schools and colleges. Modern Education in Kerala started several decades back with the declaration of the maharaja of Travancore in 1844 that those trained in English schools would be given preference in public services. Raja’s free school was established by Government in 1834 to provide English education. Kerala with a literacy rate of 90.90%, stands rate among other Indian states. Kerala with Its culture of respecting womanhood had given due value to her rights and needs boosting her self-esteem. In spite of its varied traditions, all have offered more scope and place for woman than they experienced elsewhere in India. The state has achieved a human development index comparable to the development countries of the world.

Introduction

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The Kerala model of development owes it attributed success to the achievements in the area of education and health.Schools and colleges in kerala are run either by the government, private trusts and individuals. The schools in Kerala are affiliated to India certificate of secondary education (ICSE), the central board for secondary education (CBSC) and the Kerala state education board. The excellent education system of Kerala attracts students from other nations. The progress in the number of educational institutions in the state is rapid. Recognizing the need for a literate population and provision of elementary education as a crucial input for nation building, the state government with the backing of central government, launched a number of plans and programs over the past years to facilitate the provision of free and compulsory education with satisfactory quality to all children at least up to the age of 14 years. In Kerala Six Curriculum Sub-Committee- General, Mathematics, Science, Social Science. Educational initiatives spearheaded by various agencies for the last one century made Kerala the most literate state of India. Education in Kerala, under liberalization, is being commercialized and commodified down from the kindergarten to the higher stages. During a period when the number of children in the school-going age has been on the decline, hundreds of new private English medium schools are cropping up in every nook and corner of the state. At the same time, more than a thousand schools have been declared in economic. At the higher levels institutions offering new courses crop up while the old ones whither according the whims and winds of the market and outside the country.

Aim of the Study

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My aim to study education scenario of Kerala is to critically analyze from the point of view of education. It is show the level of education. Today Kerala change the education system of India. During my research work, I would observe and study if he has been showing in the quality of education to the world. My study is done keeping in view what makes him a good system and rules of education.

Literature Review

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According to the daily newspaper, Education Minister of Kerala, P K Abdu Rabb said,'' Kerala has become the first in the country to achieve primary education. This has been achieved through the primary education equivalency drive of the state literacy mission-Thulium. The equivalency programs have proved a huge success and the ultimate objective is to achieve total plus-two education in the state.'' In the second phase of this programmed, the student who have not received primary education or who failed to get primary education due to several reasons will be recognized and these students will be provided classes to achieve the education. Those aged between 15 and 50 years were beneficiaries of the programmed and were identified through family registries prepared by aganwadis under the social justice department. Further in a report, around 2.6 lakhs candidates appeared for the fourth standard equivalency examination in June 2015 and 2.2 lakhs candidates passed. The equivalency exam was conducted in 6,613 centers across the state and those who scored 30/75 in English and 20/50 in other subjects were declared winners. The significance of education in Kerala is indicated by the state's ranking as the most literate in the country. Schools and colleges are mostly administered by the government, privates, trusts, or individuals. Each school is associated with either the Indian certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), the central board for secondary Education Board or the (NIOS).

According to the Indian express, the government's claim that Kerala has achieved complete primary education-a year into launching the special drive-raises many doubts. Kerala has the first Indian state to achieve total primary education. This is reckoned as another achievement for the state which had earlier, in 1991, been declared as the first complete literate state, although the literacy drive in Kerala lost its steam in the later years pegging the literacy rate at 3.9 per cent, as per census 2011.To achieve t total primary education in the state, Kerala State Literacy Mission, which is the nodal agency for conducting continuing education programs, had launched a special scheme ''Thulium'' in October, 2014. As per the scheme, the literacy mission had identified people who had not completed their primary education. They have been given five-month training, enabling them to attend the fourth equivalency programmed, in a year. However, the government's claim that Kerala has achieved complete primary education-a year into launching the special drive-raises many doubts. It was in Nilambur panchayat in Malappuram that Thulium was first launched in 2006.The panchayat identified 2000-odd men and women who had abandoned their primary classes. It took two years for the literacy mission to ensure that all candidates in that panchayat attained fourth grade equivalency. With a mission to give fourth-grade equivalency classes to two lakh candidates, the project was rolled out across the state only a year back. The classes, exam, and evaluation were conducted by the Kerala State Literacy Mission. No external agency was assigned to look into or verify whether all candidates of the Anthelia project had passed the examination. When the pilot project was launched in Nilambpur panchayat, such an exercise by an external expert agency was done. Now with elections round the corner, the congress government seems to have rushed to get the status of the first state to achieve complete primary education. In that haste, the state would have missed to notice the present trend of drop out of Dalit's and tribal children from primary classes. Many fear such a declaration would only do a disservice to the weaker sections who failed to come within the ambit of the project, particularly when the census 2011 had identified 19 lakh illiterate people in the state.

According to the Prof. Amartya Sen, The importance and antiquity of education in Kerala is underscored by the state's ranking as among the most literate in the country. The local dynastic precursors of modern-day Kerala

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made significant contributions to the progress on education in Kerala. There were many Sabah mat hams that imparted Vedic knowledge. Apart from kalaris, which taught martial arts, there were village schools run by Ezhuthanchans or Asians. The history of western in Kerala can be traced to Christian missionaries who set up number of schools and colleges. These institutions played significant roles in shaping the courses of education in Kerala. Kerala's achievements in social development and quality of life are, doubt, inspiring and encouraging. The state has achieved a human development index comparable to the developed countries of the World. The department administers school education from pre-primary Level to the secondary level and also teach her training.

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Research Methodology

My research is based on primary and secondary data. Mainly, I have used observation method. I have read ppd’s about Kerala education. Studying a number of sites and various critics and information from internet has provided me sufficient material to do deep study of his films from various angles of cinema. I have also read the qualities of education of Kerala.

The educational data have to flow through a long channel from the institution to the D.P.I. and thence to the Ministry of Education. The primary and the middle schools send their returns to the Assistant Educational Officers, from where they are forwarded to the District Educational Officers. The District Educational Officers (D.E.O)s are also responsible for collection of returns for high schools, teacher training schools, vocational and technical schools and special education schools.

Apart from the inordinate delay incurred in sending the consolidated figures, the overall picture of the data collection in Kerala is satisfactory when juxtaposed with the performance of several other states in the country. Notwithstanding, there are problems of comparability of data both at the national level because of different patterns of education prevailing in the different state as well as within the state because of frequent changes in the items in the preform.

Levels of education

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Educational expansion in Kerala has a long history and it is Unique in many respects. In Kerala, education is divided into 3 different stages-

1. Primary

Lower Primary ( Classes I - IV ) Upper Primary ( Classes V - VII )

2. Secondary

Secondary ( Classes VIII - X )

3. Higher secondary

Higher Secondary ( Classes XI - XII )

Primary or Elementary Education

Is the basic stage in schooling Primary is further divided into Upper Primary (UP) and Lower primary (LP). Apart from the the primary schools there are pre-primary institutions which include Independent primary schools and other institutions attached to schools.

Number of Primary Schools in Kerala -

Schools Govt. Pvt. Aided Pvt. Unaided

Total

L P School 2551 4003 158 6712

U P School 957 1870 124 2951

Secondary (High School) and Higher Secondary education

This serves as a bridge between the Elementary and Higher Education to prepare young persons of the age group of 14 to 18 for entry into higher education.

Number of Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools in Kerala -

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Schools Govt. Pvt. Aided Pvt. Unaided Total

High Schools 984 1409 215 2608

Higher Secondary Schools

416 512 339 1267

Vocational Schools

These were setup as part of the scheme of vocationalisation of secondary education and the scheme was implemented in 1988 and later revised in 1993. The main aim of implementation of such a course is to train the students for some occupation, business, profession or trade.

Number of Vocational Schools in Kerala -

Schools Govt. Pvt. Aided Pvt. Unaided Total

Vocational H.S.S. 247 128 - 375

Higher Education

This refers to the education at college or university level and is Divided into Graduation (Bachelor's degree) and Post-Graduation (Master's Degree). With the colleges offering a wide variety of courses in various branches of study to choose from, the students are provided with ample opportunities to Specialize in eldest of their interest. All colleges in Kerala are affiliated to one of the seven Universities of the state.

Number of Arts and Science Colleges in Kerala -

Government Private Unaided Universities

38 148 5 8

Professional Education: With the introduction of the new educational policy by the state government, which enabled private colleges on Self-Financing basis, a Number of colleges offering professional education commenced throughout the State. Admission to most of these colleges are based on the marks obtained in the Entrance examinations. Self-Financing colleges offer 50% seats on merit basis and the rest in management quota.

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Number of Professional Colleges Type of Institutions Number Medical Colleges 9Pharmacy Colleges 11Dental Colleges 9Homeo Colleges 5Engineering Colleges 77Nursing Colleges 31

Poly Technics 121Ayurveda Colleges 10Agricultural Colleges 9Food Craft Institutes 7

Women's Education

The government is committed to bring about basic change in the status of woman through education. Education helps in the emancipation of woman and there by improving their. Female literacy rate in Kerala is 87.7%, which is higher than the rate in any other India state. Emphasis had been laid on enrolling and retention of girl in normal schooling and no formal education.

Adult Education

This include both general (reading and writing) and vocational education, often through evening classes. Such classes are conducted throughout the state, especially in rural and tribal areas, by government organizations and voluntary associations.

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Literacy Rate of Kerala

Kerala with its rich culture of respecting womanhood had given due value to her rights and needs boosting her self-esteem. In spite of its varied traditions, all have offered more scope and place for women than they experienced elsewhere in India.

While reviewing the history of Kerala, we could see her transformation into the forefront of the society as gradual but a cautious one. Yet, she was not aloof from the errands of rearing children and household chores. Still, she seems pleasing and gratifying the needs of the family and maintains an inimitable status of her own apart from the counterparts and women of other states. We pride ourselves on being the state with the highest literacy rate among women, a state where female to male ratio is higher, suggesting that there are fewer numbers of selective abortion or female infanticide. The Kerala evidence suggests that literate men have literate sons, but literate women have literate families.

As per the norms of National Literacy Mission, a literacy rate above 90 % shall be treated as complete literacy. On this basis, Kerala (90.86%) was declared a, 'Fully Literate State', on April 18th, 1991. 87.86 per cent of women in the state are literate which is extremely higher (33.7) than the national literacy rate of women. The breakup of male and female literacy rates are 94.2 and 87.86 per cent respectively. It seems that more than three fourth percent of the total population are literate and there exists not much discrepancy between male and female population. The female literacy rate was growing at 1.69 per cent (19912001).

As against the male literacy growth rate of 0.58 per cent in the state of Kerala. Some states are still lagging behind the level attained by Kerala in 1951.Male female gap in literacy rate in Kerala has been declining at higher rate. For instance, in 1951, male, female literacy gap was 21.9 per cent and in 2001 it is only 6.3 per cent. At all India level the gap is 21.7 per cent in 2001.

Female Literacy Rate Kerala, India (1951 - 2001)

Year Kerala Female Literacy (%)

Male Female gap (%)

India Female Literacy (%)

Male Female gap (%)

1951 36.43 21.92 7.93 17.021961 45.56 19.33 12.95 21.491971 62.53 14.6 18.69 20.771981 65.73 9.53 29.76 26.621991 86.17 7.45 39.29 24.842001 87.86 6.34 54.16 21.69

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District wise data showed that 'Kottayam' district ranks first both in male and female literacy rates and it is the first town in India to have achieved 100% literacy (a remarkable feat achieved as early as in 1989). The lowest literacy rate was found in Palakkad district in both sexes. It is to be noted that the female literacy rate in the district is lesser than male by 10 per cent. It is not a matter of great concern as the district lags behind in most aspects of development, compared to the State average. With regard to scheduled castes population the distribution was 88.1% (males) and 77.6% (females) and that of scheduled tribes it was 70.8 percent and 58.1 per cent only.

Literacy Rate of different districts of Kerala -

Districts Literacy (%)

Kasaragod

Kannur

Wayanad

Kozhikode

Malappuram

Palakkad

Thrissur

ErnakulumIdukki Kottayam Alappuzha Pathanamthitta Kollam

Thiruvananthapuram

Kerala

Male Female

90.84 79.8

96.38 89.57

90.28 80.80

96.30 88.86

91.46 85.96

89.73 79.31

95.47 89.94

95.95 90.96 92.11 85.04 97.41 94.45 96.42 91.14 96.62 93.71 94.63 88.60

92.68 86.26

94.20 87.86

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Statistics showed that the female literacy levels in Kerala are improving over time. These literacy levels are highly correlated with the health status of the population. Kerala has the lowest infant mortality rates and the highest life expectancies of all the states. The pace of progress in the female literacy rate from 36.43 percent (1951) to 87.86 per cent (2001) was remarkable and reasonably a good indicator of development in the society.

Women's literacy in Kerala with insignificant gender and spatial disparities has been cited as a principal mover of many of the positive demographic indicators of the state. These indicators had resulted in the enhanced health status of women in Kerala. Female literacy and education are crucial determinants of child survival, general health and hygiene.

Conclusion

Thus, it is concluded that Kerala is a very good states in education. Kerala has a rich and glorious past in culture and education. A review of the educational research and its facilities in Kerala may prove that access is the major problem to be tackled. In addition to access financial, Quality, Social usefulness etc., also must be addressed. A Coordinated movement from the part of all the universities would be useful in this regard. Researches useful to the state and country should be planned out and implemented. The importance and antiquity of education in Kerala is underscored by the state's ranking as among the most literate in the country.

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Findings & Analysis

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References

1. http://allaboutkeralaanishpanthy.blogspot.in/2008/08/keralaeducationalsystemcasestudy.

2. http://www.archive.india.gov.in.

3. http://www.indianexpress.com

4. http://www.indiatoday.intoday.in   

5. http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com

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