New and digital media

What is new and digital media?

• Digital devices – computers, phones, cameras• Citizen journalism (public using new and digital media to record and

distribute forms of journalism)• Social networking• Digital natives (born with tech)• Time shift viewing – BBC iplayer – eatching on catch up• The internet• Web 2.0 (the new internet – enables the audience to contribute and

effect content)• 2nd screening – to engage with a text on two platforms simultaneously• Apps• Blogs

What contemporary media issues can you think of that

relate to new and digital media?

• The Icloud hacking – celebrities intimate pictures were leaked online.

• - privacy issues• - available to a mass, global audience• - regulation (an issue because of the speed that it moves)• Katie Hopkins – the twitter – ranted about mental health.

‘sweaty jocks’• ‘Protein world’ • ISIS – using youtube, set up an App, filming and editing, video

was an intertextual reference to Homeland, meme – audience response – Japanese hostages.

• The Lee Rigby case – citizen journalism• Eric Garner – ‘I can’t breathe’ videoed and uploaded to

youtube.• ‘The interview’ – film – SONY HACKING lead to issues in Korea

with the representation of Kim Jong Un• Edward Snowden- leaked information about Government

access to private information.

New and digital media terminology

You may find that you are familiar with many of these already. These terms should be used accurately if answering the new and digital media question in the exam.

Software and hardware

• Hardware – the physical technology (eg a computer)

• Software – the programmes that are installed, downloaded or uploaded to the hardware (eg Photoshop)

Media technology

• The technology and devices that we use to make or access media texts.

What major developments in media technology are you aware of that may have impacted on:• The film industry• The music industry• The television industry• The radio industry• The print press• Online/the internet

Film industry• 3D cameras – enable films to be shot in 3d

(Avatar)• Can be manipulated into 3d in post production

(quality is not as good)• Not as popular anymore with audiences – was

a large investment for the film industry – production and post production and exhibition.

• HD – institutions such as the BBC have invested in hardware (cameras) to shoot in HD. Now broadcast a HD channel.

Music industry

• Streaming! V popular – spotify (can pay for an advanced service)

• Tidal – owned by a range of famous musicians led by Jay Z, Rhianna, Daft Punk, Nikki Minaj, Beyonce etc – giving musicians the power, control and money for the air play of their music

• Download illegally – financial implications on the industry.• Soundcloud – can control and upload your own music, share

easily. Web 2.0 – can comment and follow people. Producers can control whether audiences have access to and can download their music – puts the power in their hands.

Television industry

• Time shift viewing – eg iplayer, all4 (?) etc• Smart TV – use your TV in the same way as a

computer• Audiences watching more online – Netflix – this

impacts on the television licence – issue for BBC funding. Youth audiences particularly.

• BBC3 moving online (BBC budget cuts)• Robot cameras – impact on production roles in the TV

industry. Costs money to set up.• 3D TV’s

Radio industry• BBC funding – BBC radio• Using apps• Podcasts• Using social media more to interact with the

institutions (web 2.0)• Illegal downloading• Chart includes legal downloads as well as

physical sales• Leaks of singles (Get Lucky leaked?)

Online• Apple watch release• Periscope ******• Regulation of online privacy – find out• Police access – find out• Internet service providers are encouraged to do

more to protect identities and reveal any terrorist behaviour – find out

• Revenge porn – issues with how to regulate and control – find out

• The right to be forgotten – google taken to court – find out

Media platforms

• Film• TV• Radio• Printetc

Web 1.0 and 2.0• Web 1.0 – the first incarnation of the internet.

Information that could be read or observed only.

• Web 2.0 – internet facilities and websites that enable you to affect the content that you see by commenting, uploading content, changing the layout and content etc

Can you think of any examples of web 1.0 and web 2.0 websites?

What are the benefits of each?

Marc Prensky - Digital natives and digital immigrants

Read through Prensky’s thoughts on digital natives and immigrants.

How could you apply this audience theory to some of the media texts that you have explored this year? Can you find evidence of them as a target or secondary audience? Can you link it to institutions and their production methods?

Digital immigrants issue with digital natives?

• Positive and negative impact of this proliferation of new media on digital natives?

Technological Convergence

• ‘The trend for different technologies for the delivery of content to start to resemble one another.’

• For example, television sets will increasingly resemble computers while computers will increasingly resemble televisions; both will be used to download moving images from the internet, and eventually the distinction between the separate technologies are likely to be erased.

• Such convergence has been made possible as a result of the evolution of digital technology.

• Can you think of examples of technological convergence?

Technological convergence

Technological convergence

Cross Media Convergence

• ‘Hardware and software coming together across media, and companies coming together across similar boundaries. This makes the distinction between different types of media and different media industries increasingly dubious.’

• ’Media institutions delivering their product on more than one media channel’

What is the impact?

• Negative? • Film Piracy

• Positive? • Reach audiences quickly

Can you think of any others?

Some other terms…

• App• Streaming• Download• Upload

Case study

New and digital media and the film industry

I need five volunteers….

Who is the production company? Who is the distribution company?Who is the exhibition company?

Film industry life cycleProduction • Planning, producing the film, post production

Distribution • The middle men.• Organise deals with local and national cinemas to exhibit the film.• Organise the logistics of getting the film reels printed and distributed

to cinemas.• Plan marketing – traditional methods – posters, trailers, interviews

and premieres• New methods – viral marketing.

Exhibition • Different ways for audiences to view the final product

Case study - FilmResearch:• What is ‘Ultraviolet’?• What new formats are their for exhibiting films?• When did digital projectors start to be introduced into cinemas?• What proportion of UK cinemas now have digital projectors?• What are the advantages to cinemas and film studios of digital projection?• What other services does digital projection allow cinemas to offer?• What has been the problem with digital projection? Why have cinemas been slow to adopt

it?• When did 3D make a comeback? What benefits does 3D offer audiences and institutions

(cinemas and film studios)? • Is 3D all it is cracked up to be? Is it genuinely “revolutionary” technology or just a gimmick?• What have developments in CGI technology enabled filmmakers to do? Is this technology

only available to big budget filmmakers? Read the article on the film Monsters saved in the articles folder on the public drive or here: http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/nov/27/mosters-gareth-edwards-avatar/print

• • Listen to the podcast of the interview with the director of Monsters where he describes how

he used home computer technology to create special effects for his film.• http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/audio/2010/dec/02/film-weekly-monsters-bfi• What is the digital economy act and how has it impacted on the film industry? http://

www.theguardian.com/film/2014/jul/17/digital-piracy-film-online-counterfeit-dvds

Case study - filmCase Study 1: Films of your own choiceChoose at least two contemporary films, preferably one relatively low budget “independent” film and one big budget “blockbuster”. 1. Use the internet (www.imdb.com, www.boxofficemojo.com, www.wikipedia.org, www.the-numbers.com/movies) to find out:• The budget of the film.• The studio responsible for making the film • The worldwide box office gross for the film.• Look at the official website for the film – what sorts of features does it offer? Which services/areas are unique to

the website and wouldn’t be possible with other methods of promotion? What is the appeal of official websites to audiences? Print screen and annotate sample pages.

• Are iPhone/other smartphone/iPad apps available for the film? What services do they offer? If possible, use them.• How do the films use social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter and Myspace as methods of promotion?• Are websites such as Amazon and Play.com used to distribute the DVD edition of the film?• Is the film available for download on iTunes or LoveFilm?• Are/how are websites such as Amazon used to distribute merchandising linked to the film?

Things to explore/explain/consider: - positive and negative impact of new and digital media on the film, the film’s audience and the film industry.

How have technological convergence and cross media convergence benefited or hindered the film in its financial and critical success, in the audiences ability to access the film and the films distribution and marketing?

Films to consider as a starting point – ‘The Interview’ (Sony hacking scandal) ‘A field in England’ (British indie with pioneering simultaneous distribution methods) ‘Beasts of no nation’ (trying to use new distribution methods but this is causing issues…)

Case study - TVResearch:Use the internet to see if you can find out the following information:• When did Sky first start broadcasting?• When did cable TV first become available in the UK?• When did the BBC launch its website?• How many “unique users” does the BBC website now have?• When did “Freeview” first become available?• When did Sky launch the “Sky+” service?• When did YouTube launch? Useful link on youtube:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/apr/07/youtube-superstars-new-generation-bloggers

• When did the BBC launch the iPlayer?• When did Channel 4 launch 4OD and when did they strike their deal to provide 4OD

programmes through YouTube?• When did/will Project Canvas/YouView be launched?• When did netflix launch?• Read through the British Television broadcasting hand out. What has happened since

2010? (consider current developments with ownership of the BBC and potential issues with the licence fee of with BBC3)

Case study - TVCase Study 1: TV show of your own choiceChoose at least two contemporary TV shows, preferably from different institutions.• The budget of the TV show.• The institution responsible for making the TV show• How was it distributed and exhibited?• Look at the official website for the show– what sorts of features does it offer? Which services/areas are

unique to the website and wouldn’t be possible with other methods of promotion? What is the appeal of official websites to audiences? Print screen and annotate sample pages.

• Are iPhone/other smartphone/iPad apps available for the show? What services do they offer? If possible, use them.

• How do the films use social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter and Myspace as methods of promotion?

• Who is the target audience? How do they engage with the show? (fanpages, hash tags etc)

Things to explore/explain/consider: - positive and negative impact of new and digital media on the institution, show and audience.

How have technological convergence and cross media convergence benefited or hindered the show in its financial and critical success, in the audiences ability to access the show and its distribution and marketing?

Shows to consider as a starting point – ‘Game of Thrones’ (issues with periscope, use of CGI, large production costs) shows on netflix (sometimes released as a whole series as opposed to weekly episodes), a BBC3 show (hash tags? Encouraging tweets, promoting the website and iplayer??)