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Engineer MazeWelcome to our website
Where you can get tutorials, software, E-books and many more on single platform
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Introduction Of Microcontroller
LESSON # 1
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3Introducing
Embedded Systems &
Microcontrollers
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4● Definition of Embedded Systems● Examples● Computer Essentials● Microprocessors and u-controllers● PIC Microcontrollers● 16 Series PIC
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5What is a Microcontroller?
Microcontroller is a mini computer on a single integrated circuit chip containing a:
1. processor core 2. memory and 3. Programmable input/output peripherals.
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6Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
• Microprocessor is general-purpose microprocessors such as Intel’s x86 family.
• Microprocessor dose not contain RAM, ROM or I/O Ports on the chip it self.
• Microcontroller has CPU and fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O Ports and Timer all on a single chip.
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7 MICROPROCESSER AND MICRO CONTROLLER
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10PIC Architecture
A Computer on a chip
CPU
Timer 0
Timer 1
Timer 2
PWM 1
PWM 2
10-bit
A/D USART
Memory I/O(Ports A, B & C)
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12Microcontroller Families
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PIC Family Stack Size Instruction Word Size
No of Instructions
Interrupt Vectors
12CX/12FX 2 12- or 14-bit 33 None16C5X/16F5X
2 12-bit 33 None
16CX/16FX 8 14-bit 35 117CX 16 16-bit 58 4
18CX/18FX 32 16-bit 75 2
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15PIC16F Microcontroller Families
• PIC microcontrollers are designed using the Harvard Architecture which includes:–Microprocessor unit (MPU)– Program memory for instructions– Data memory for data– I/O ports– Support devices such as timers
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16Harvard Architecture• Von Neumann
Architecture:– Fetches instructions and
data from a single memory space
– Limits operating bandwidth
• Harvard Architecture:– Uses two separate
memory spaces for program instructions and data
– Improved operating bandwidth
– Allows for different bus widths
Von Neumann Architecture
8-bit Bus
CPU
Program & Data Memory
CPU
Harvard Architecture
Data Memory
Program Memory
8-bit Bus
16-bit Bus
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17Microcontroller with the Harvard Architecture
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18Criteria for Choosing µController1. Meeting the computing needs of the task at
hand efficiency and cost effectively2. Availability of SW and HW development
tools– Compilers– Assemblers– Debuggers– Emulators
3. Wide availability and reliable source.
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19Criteria for Choosing µController• Meeting the computing needs of the task at
hand efficiency and cost effectively– Determine its type, 8-bit,16-bit or 32-bit– Speed– Packaging (40-Pin or QFP)– Power consumption– The amount of RAM and ROM– The number of I/O pins and the timer– Cost per unit– Ease of upgrade.
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20µC Data width • 8-bit Microcontrollers
– PIC10, PIC12, PIC14– PIC16, PIC17, PIC18
• 16-bit Microcontrollers– PIC24F, PIC24H
• 32-bit Microcontrollers– PIC32
• 16-bit Digital Signal Controllers– dsPIC30, dsPIC33F
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21UV-EPROM
Your text here
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PIC 16F887 layoutAnalog I/O
UART
I2C
PORTA
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