Presented By:Mahmoud Sadat Badran

Introduction to AVR Microcontrollers

OUTLINE:

• Microcontroller ? (History ,Components, Advantages, Applications)

• Hardware VS. Software

• Microcontroller Vs. Microprocessor.

• Major market players.

• AVR Microcontroller.

• References.

• Microcontroller ?

• A microcontroller is a single chip, self-contained computer.

1. 1971 Texas Instrument calculator-on-a-chip TMS 1000, which was a 4-bit microcontroller with built-in ROM and RAM.

2. 1976 Intel 8048 was one of Intel's first microcontrollers.

3. 1980 Intel 8051 followed in and became one of the most popular microcontroller families.

4. 1996 Atmel AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage.

History.

Components.

A Microcontroller has seven main components:

1-Central processing unit (CPU)

2-ROM

3-RAM

4-Input and Output

5-Timer

6-Interrupt circuitry

7-Buses

8-Oscillatory circuits

1. Cheap.

2. Very small in size.

3. Programming of Microcontrollers is simple to learn (c language or Assembly).

4. Ability to simulate project before implementation.

Advantages.

1.Mobile Phones.2.Auto-motive industry.3.CD/DVD Players.4.Washing Machines.5.Cameras.6.Modems and Routers.7.Security Alarms.8.Electronic Measurement.9.Microwave Oven.Etc.

Applications.

Hardware VS. Software

Hardware Software

# Hardware Software

Design Cost High Medium

Speed High Medium

Modifications Hard Easy

Maintainability Hard Easy

Time to market Long short

Cost High Low

Microcontroller Vs. Microprocessor

# Micro-controller Micro-processor

Cost Cheap Expensive

Speed Slow (in MHz Range) Fast (in GHz Range)

Purpose Special General

Dependency Single Chip has almost all components

Need external components to be able

to interact.

Resources Limited Unlimited

Major market players1. Texas Instruments.

2. Atmel Corporation. 3. Microchip.4. Renesas Technology Corp.5. Intel Corporation. 6. STMicroelectronics.7. Freescale Semiconductor.

AVR Microcontroller

The AVR architecture was conceived by two students at the Norwegian Institute of Technology Alf-Egil Bogen and VegardWollan

• Devices range from 1 to 256KB

• Pin count range from 8 to 100

• Full code compatibility

• Pin/feature compatible families

AVR Family• TINY AVR family 8 -32 pin 16 family members

• MEGA AVR family 32 -100 pin 23 family members

• XMEGA AVR family 32 -100 pin

• Application-specific AVRs USB, CAN and LCD Motor Control and Lighting Automotive Battery Management 8 family members

• RISC modified Harvard architecture Powerful instruction set for C and Assembly

• Scalable Same powerful AVR core in all devices

• Single cycle execution One instruction per external clock Low power consumption

• 32 Working Registers All Directly connected to ALU!

• Very efficient core 20 MIPS @ 20MHz

• High System Level Integration Lowest total system cost

AVR Architecture

AVR Architecture

Single-Chip Solution

Code Size and Execution Time

Real-life Applications

1. Complete navigation application2. Car Radio control3. DES encryption / decryption4. Reed-Solomon (error correction)

encoder/decoder.5. Pager protocol6. Refrigerator control7. Battery charger8. Embedded web server9. Label/recite printer

Development Tools

• AVR Studio -front end for all AVR tools• Win AVR• Code Vision (Evaluation version with limited code

size) Free

• Starter kits and evaluation boards From $19

• On-Chip Debuggers and Emulators From $299

• Fully updated product web• Highly skilled Field Application Engineers• Support mail handled by AVR experts• Reference designs• Application notes• AVRfreaks community website

Support

1. http://mathcs.slu.edu/~fritts/CSCI305_306_F08/AVR/AVR%20Introduction.pdf

2. http://www.circuitstoday.com/microcontroller-invention-history

3. http://www.atmel.com/products/microcontrollers/avr/

4. http://www.circuitstoday.com/basics-of-microcontrollers

References :