Journalism

1. advance2. angle3. attribution4. brite5. caption6. censor

7. cliché8. copyright9. defamation10.downstyle

TERMS11.editorial12.feature13.five Ws & the H14.fold

15.format16.gutter17.inverted

pyramid18.kicker19.lead (lede)20.libel

21.nameplate22.plagiarism23.point24.primary head25.proofing26.secondary

head27.tabloid28.transition

HISTORY OF AMERICAN JOURNALISM

PUBLICK OCCURRENCES- 1690 No “Freedom of the Press”

Peter Zenger Case- printed criticisms about the

governor of NY Zenger charged with seditious libel

Libel is a form of defamation Libel law at the time: “The greater

the truth, the greater the libel” Trial established the right of a

newspaper to print the truth

Congress shall make no law

respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the

people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government

for a redress of grievances.

THE FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

offreedomthe

press

Yellow Journalism

William Randolph Hearst “You furnish the pictures.

I’ll furnish the war.”

Unethical, irresponsible journalism

Hoaxes, altered photos, sensational headlines

Competition between New York Journal and New York World

THE MUCKRAKERS

Ida Tarbell

Upton Sinclair unethical & illegal business dealings

food & drug corruption child labor automobile safety political corruption

Ralph Nader

Bob Woodward &Carl Bernstein

Types of articles

STRAIGH

T

NEWSFEATURES

FILLERS

Timeliness Prominence Proximity Consequence Human Interest

Odd Conflict Emotion

Straight News

Stories that go into deeper

detail than straight news More “human”

Human interest entertainment

More creativity

Feature Stories

Brites Advances Comics Horoscopes Puzzles Recipes Other “fun” stuff

Fillers

NOTNews

NEWS!

Dog bites man

Man bites dog

5Ws & H

WHO?WHAT?WHEN?WHERE?WHY?

HOW?

LEAD (LEDE)

Almost always a single sentence

Summarize the most important of the “Ws”

Limit to one central idea “Hook” the reader

LEAD (almost always one sentence)

The most important information in the story should be in the first

few paragraphs

BODYSecondary facts of the

story

Minor factsof thestory

Inverted Pyramid

A “slant” to your story. makes the purpose of the story clear and

give it focus.

HAVE AN ANGLE

RIGHT:More than 100 people were left homeless after a tornado struck Titusville yesterday.

WRONG:Seventeen houses were flattened by a tornado that struck Titusville yesterday.

murder forced captured

BIAS/TONE

death assisted detained

HIGHLY CHARGED WORDS LESS CHARGED WORDS

BIASEDMORE

OBJECTIVE

37 feared dead in boat accidentMen heard boasting of daily shootingsShark fin soup alters ecosystemOh rubbish!! Sucking up trashViolent storms batter southeastGroups sue over toxic toys

HEADLINES

Few or no articles Action verbs only Does the headline express the main idea of

the story? Does the headline effectively label the

story's content? Will it create reader interest? Will it move readers into the story? Does the headline focus match the lead

focus? Are the words short, common, colorful,

powerful, specific? Would you read a story with this headline?  

HEADLINE CHECKLIST

HEADLINE TERMS

Term Meaningdownstyle Capitalizing one the first letter of the

first word and proper nouns in the headline

primary head

A headline that is larger and bolder than its accompanying headline

secondary head

A headline that is smaller and lighter than its accompanying headline (also called a kicker)

Craze makes comeback

Hula Hoops on a roll

Kicker / secondary

headPrimary

head

Downstyle

HEADLINE EXAMPLE

REALLYBad Headlines

Man stabbed 37 times-police rule out suicide March planned for next August Patient at death's door--doctors pull him

through Child's stool great for use in garden Juvenile court to try shooting defendant Police begin campaign to run down jaywalkers

Really Bad Headlines

William Kelly, 87, was fed secretary Iraqi head seeks arms  Drunk gets nine months in violin case Enraged cow injures farmer with ax Deer kill 7,000 Local high school dropouts cut in half Include your children when baking cookies

Tabloid Format fold gutter caption point

PARTS OF A NEWSPAPER