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https://twitter.com/KeystoneHPSR
Building the HPSR Community Building HPSR Capacity
KEYSTONE
Inaugural KEYSTONE Course on Health Policy and Systems Research 2015
Research Plan - 1
KEYSTONE
Research plan - 1
Kabir Sheikh
2 March 2015
KEYSTONE
Research plan template• Background and rationale (1 page)• Brief review of literature (2 pages)• Research question(s) • Conceptual framework (if any) (1 page)• Study design (1-2 pages)• Methodology (2 pages)• Ensuring research quality (< 1 page)• Ethical considerations (< 1 page)• Outcomes (1 page)
– Audience and beneficiaries– Impact pathways
• Timeline • Financial plan
KEYSTONE
Scope of HPSR
• Distinguished by issues and questions considered, not by a disciplinary base, and includes:– research focused on health services as well as promotion of health
– concern for global and international issues as well as national and sub-national issues
– research on or of policy – addresses politics of health systems and health systems services
• Promotes work that explicitly seeks to influence policy
Courtesy CHEPSAA
KEYSTONE
Topics of Enquiry
Systems ‘Software’Ideas and interests,
Relationships and power, Values and norms
Systems ‘Hardware’Human Resources, Finance, Medicines & technology, Organizational structure, Service infrastructure, Information systems
International
National
Subnational
Local
ARENA
KEYSTONE
Scope & nature of HPSR (continued)
HPSR is not:• Clinical or basic science
• Only rooted in health economics or focused on financing issues (though both important)
• Focused on disease distribution, causes and interventions (but rather generic organisational & societal‘structures’ through which interventions are implemented)
Courtesy CHEPSAA
KEYSTONE
Scope & nature (continued)
Specific services/disease programmes:
• Often a tracer for understanding systems issues e.g. maternal health services; the impact of district strengthening on child health outcomes
• May be researched because they have system wide effects e.g. antiretroviral therapy
• Must think BEYOND the programme/service!
Courtesy CHEPSAA
KEYSTONE
Review basics1. Identify the review question or focus2. Frame the area you are searching (year, area or topic)3. Search for primary studies and theoretical papers (using
databases, search engines, or a particular publication)
4. Select papers – inclusion/exclusion criteria; quality appraisal (assess relevance & rigour of what you find)
5. Collect the key items or extract the data6. Review papers & data7. Synthesis (make meaning, pull together a coherent argument)
KEYSTONE
• The question drives the study
KEYSTONE
Generating questions• Starting points = focus/terrain of health policy & health
systems– consider level (macro/meso/micro/cross-level)
• And consider– What are research users’ ideas?– What past work?– Disciplinary perspectives?
• Thinking about purpose of research: normative vs exploratory/ descriptive/ explanatory questions
KEYSTONE
Whose ideas?
Research question
Community group
Patient group
District managerHospital managerNational managerInternational
agency
Researcher
Same issue, different questions?
Different issues & questions?
KEYSTONE
What is the study ‘purpose’? Normative/evaluative: Seeks to generate/identify norms, best practices,’gold standard’ interventions
Exploratory: To find out what is happening, especially in little understood situations
Descriptive: To give accurate profile of people, events, situations
Explanatory: To explain patterns relating to phenomenon being researched; To identify relationships between aspects of phenomenon
Emancipatory: To create opportunities and the will to engage in social action
Robson, 2002; Thomas, Chataway & Wuyts, 1998; Yin, 2009
KEYSTONE
What makes a ‘good’ HPSR question?Adapted from Robson, 2002
• Substantively relevant: worthwhile, non-trivial questions, worthy of the effort to be expended +
• Clear: unambiguous and easily understood +
• Specific: sufficiently specific to be clear about what constitutes an answer +
• Answerable: can see what data are needed to answer it and how those data will be collected +
• Interconnected: questions are related in some meaningful way, forming a coherent whole
Open Access PolicyKEYSTONE commits itself to the principle of open access to knowledge. In keeping with this, we strongly support open access and use of materials that we created for the course. While some of the material is in fact original, we have drawn from the large body of knowledge already available under open licenses that promote sharing and dissemination. In keeping with this spirit, we hereby provide all our materials (wherever they are already not copyrighted elsewhere as indicated) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This work is ‘Open Access,’ published under a creative commons license which means that you are free to copy, distribute, display, and use the materials as long as you clearly attribute the work to the KEYSTONE course (suggested attribution: Copyright KEYSTONE Health Policy & Systems Research Initiative, Public Health Foundation of India and KEYSTONE Partners, 2015), that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form and that you in no way alter, transform or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without express permission of the author and the publisher of this volume. Furthermore, for any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. This means that you can:
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