Empires and Borderlands Empires and Borderlands ofof thethe Early Middle Ages Early Middle Ages

Germanic Kingdoms Germanic Kingdoms of Western Europeof Western Europe

General General characteristicscharacteristics

1.1. Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon EnglandEngland

2.2. Visigothic SpainVisigothic Spain

3.3. Lombard ItalyLombard Italy

4.4. The Kingdom of The Kingdom of the Franksthe Franks

Anglo-Saxon EnglandAnglo-Saxon England

CeltsCelts Roman BritainRoman Britain 400: Angles + 400: Angles +

Saxons invadeSaxons invade Loss of Loss of

RomanizationRomanization 3 Kingdoms3 Kingdoms

Visigothic Spain (409-711)Visigothic Spain (409-711)

55thth–6–6ththc: Power in c: Power in southern Francesouthern France

587: Conversion of 587: Conversion of King Reccared King Reccared

Visigothic CodeVisigothic Code (654)(654)

711: Muslims 711: Muslims conquer Spainconquer Spain

Lombard Italy (568-774)Lombard Italy (568-774)

Alboin + Invasion of Alboin + Invasion of Italy (568)Italy (568)

Byzantine loss of Byzantine loss of powerpower

Queen Theodelinda: Queen Theodelinda: Orthodox ChristianityOrthodox Christianity

Fragmentation = Fragmentation = Frankish conquest Frankish conquest (774)(774)

The Kingdom of the FranksThe Kingdom of the Franks

Merovingian dynasty Merovingian dynasty (476–750) (476–750)

Conversion of ClovisConversion of Clovis Salic Law (508-511)Salic Law (508-511) Death of Clovis = Death of Clovis =

civil warscivil wars Rise of “Mayors of Rise of “Mayors of

the Palace”the Palace” Decline of urban lifeDecline of urban life

Growth of the PapacyGrowth of the Papacy

Decline of Decline of Byzantine PowerByzantine Power

Frankish-Papal Frankish-Papal alliancealliance

Revival: Gregory Revival: Gregory the Greatthe Great

Monasteries + Monasteries + MissionariesMissionaries

Converting the Anglo-SaxonsConverting the Anglo-Saxons

Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon paganismpaganism

Gregory the Great: Gregory the Great: Missions from RomeMissions from Rome

St AugustineSt Augustine Strategy: gentle Strategy: gentle

persuasionpersuasion Source: BedeSource: Bede

Converting the IrishConverting the Irish

Celtic religionCeltic religion Palladius: convert + Palladius: convert +

reformreform St. Patrick + 5St. Patrick + 5thth C C

MissionsMissions Growth of Growth of

monasteriesmonasteries

Monastery: Center of LearningMonastery: Center of Learning

St. BenedictSt. Benedict Rise in powerRise in power Library +Library +

ScriptoriumScriptorium Illuminated Illuminated

manuscriptsmanuscripts Growth of educationGrowth of education

The Carolingian EmpireThe Carolingian Empire

Pepin the ShortPepin the Short Charlemagne: Charlemagne:

classical to medievalclassical to medieval 3 classes: 3 classes:

1. Peasants (workers)1. Peasants (workers)

2. Nobles (fighters)2. Nobles (fighters)

3. Clergy (educated + 3. Clergy (educated + powerful)powerful)

Reign of CharlemagneReign of Charlemagne

Policy of expansionPolicy of expansion Goal of Goal of

ChristianizationChristianization Coronation of Coronation of

CharlemagneCharlemagne Divisions of Divisions of

Frankish KingdomFrankish Kingdom Establishing loyaltyEstablishing loyalty Commerce + tradeCommerce + trade

The Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance

Revival of learningRevival of learning Alcuin of YorkAlcuin of York Carolingian Carolingian

minisculeminiscule Unification of the Unification of the

churchchurch EinhardEinhard

Division of Western EuropeDivision of Western Europe

Death of Death of Charlemagne = Charlemagne = fragmentationfragmentation

Dynastic rivalryDynastic rivalry Civil wars: Treat of Civil wars: Treat of

Verdun (843)Verdun (843) Rise of local powersRise of local powers East Francia: Otto I + East Francia: Otto I +

the Saxonsthe Saxons West Francia: West Francia:

Capetian dynastyCapetian dynasty

Invasions of Europe 7Invasions of Europe 7thth-11-11thth C C

1.1. MuslimsMuslims

2.2. VikingsVikings

3.3. MagyarsMagyars Conversions = Conversions =

end of invasionend of invasion

Rise of FeudalismRise of Feudalism

Causes Causes Loyalty + serviceLoyalty + service Lords and VassalsLords and Vassals

1.1. Land grants: Land grants: fieffief

2.2. Obligations of vassal: Obligations of vassal: FealtyFealty

3.3. Obligations of LordObligations of Lord Oath of loyaltyOath of loyalty Warrior cultureWarrior culture Feudal lawFeudal law