AS-4100Lessons 14, 15 & 16

Principles of War

War & The American Military

The Department of Defense

Lt Col Wayne Doherty

29 Sep 09

Overview

- LLAB & Meal Deal 3 up/3 down -- Debrief (5 min)

- 440 CW/CC “State of the Cadet Wing”-- Briefing (10 min)

- Principles of War -- Short Movie (20 min)

-- OPERATION DESERT STORM (5 min)

-- 12 Principles of Joint Operations Discussion (1 for each student – 20 min)

- The Department of Defense (10 min)

- War and the American Military (10 min)

- AF Topic of Your Choice (10 min) * Recommendations for Living Arrangements as 2d Lts

Principles of War – plus!

Objective Offensive Mass Economy of

force Maneuver Legitimacy

Unity of command

Security Surprise Simplicity Restraint Perseverance

Principles of Joint Operations

Objective Offensive Mass Economy of

force Maneuver Legitimacy

Unity of command

Security Surprise Simplicity Restraint Perseverance

Handouts

VideoInsert Movie File

History

Sun Tzu Napoleon

JFC Fuller

The “Left Hook”

Objective

Directs military operations toward a defined and attainable objective that contributes to strategic, operational, or tactical aims.

Offensive Dictates that we act rather than

react and dictate the time, place, purpose, scope, intensity, and pace of operations. The initiative must be seized, retained, and

fully exploited.

Mass

Concentrates combat power at the decisive time and place.

Mass in WWIIMass Today

Economy of Force

Creates usable mass by using minimum combat power on secondary objectives. Makes fullest use of forces available.

Maneuver Places the enemy in a position of disadvantage

through the flexible application of combat power.

Unity of Command

Ensures unity of effort for every objective under one responsible commander.

Security Protects friendly forces and their

operations from enemy actions which could provide the enemy with unexpected advantage.

Surprise

Strikes the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which he is unprepared.

Simplicity

Avoids unnecessary complexity in preparing, planning, and conducting military operations.

Source: http://www.efreedomnews.com/images/Iraq/GulfWarMap.gif

Used under Fair Use

Restraint

Perseverance

Legitimacy

WELCOME TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

DEFENSE

How we evolved

America’s oldest company

War Department (1789)

Department of the Navy (1798)

SecDef position created Nat’l Mil Estab

DoD created (1949) Dept. of Defense

Dept. of the Army

1947

Dept. of the AF

1775 1775 1775 1798

1.4 million active duty

673,000 civilians 1.2 million Guard

and Reserve 2.0 million

retirees & families receiving benefits

America’s largest company

5.2 million strong

America’s largest company

Operates from more than 6,000 locations

Using more than 30 million acres

More than 600,000 buildings and structures

Our global infrastructure

Worldwide presence

More than 146 countries Some 473,881 personnel overseas or

afloat

America’s largest company

Budget/ Company Revenue* Employees*

DoD $439 billion 2,073,000

Wal-Mart 305 billion 1,700,000

ExxonMobile 354 billion 85,900

GM 192 billion 324,000

Ford 175 billion 325,400

America’s largest company

In comparison ...

The United States Congress

Who we work forAmerica’s Largest CompanyAmerica’s Largest Company

Our HeadquartersOur Headquarters

§ Pentagon – facts and figures• Construction: 16 months/$83 million

• Corridors: 17 ½ miles

• Employees: 25,000

• Bldg size: 29 acres

• Office Space: 3.8M ft2

• Parking Space: 67 acres

• Circumference: 9/10th mile

America’s Busiest CompanyAmerica’s Busiest CompanyEvery month we...Every month we...

§ Cut 5 million paychecks

§ Take 920,000 contracts or purchase actions

§ Fit 50,000 pairs of boots

§ Serve 3.4 million meals

Who we work forAmerica’s Busiest CompanyAmerica’s Busiest Company

On any given day we...On any given day we...

§ Buy enough fuel to drive a car around the world 13,000 times

§ Maintain 12,000 miles of waterways

§ Operate 24% of US hydropower capacity

§ Manage 232 high schools and elementary schools

§ Provide day care for more than 200,000 children

America’s Busiest CompanyAmerica’s Busiest CompanyLast Year we...Last Year we...

§ Recruited 217,000 military

§ Hired 19,700 civilians

§ Separated 220,000 military and 50,000 civilians

§24% turnover

• President• Secretary of Defense

• Plan & coordinate

• Train & equip

• Conduct operations

• Organization

How we’re organized

President

Military Departments Chairman of the JCS

Unified Commands

Office of the Secretary of Defense

Services train and equipDepartment of Defense

Military Departments

U.S. Army U.S. Air Force U.S. NavyU.S. Marine

Corps

Dept of Homeland

Security

Military Departments Unified CommandsChairman of the JCS

Office of the Secretary of Defense

U.S. Coast Guard

Director,Joint Staff

Chairman of the JCSUnified Commands

Office of the Secretary of Defense

Military Departments

Plans and coordinates

Secretary of Defense

Deputy Secretary of Defense

Chairman, JCSVice Chairman, JCS

Chief of Staff, ArmyCommandant, Marine Corps

Chief of Naval OperationsChief of Staff, Air Force

J-1Manpower and

Personnel

J-2Intelligence

(DIA)

J-3Operations

J-4Logistics

J-5Strategic

Plans & Policy

J-6Command,ControlCommunications

Computers

J-7Operational Plans & Interoperability

J-8Force Structure,

Resources &Assessment

Secretary of Defense

Deputy Secretary of Defense

Unified Commanders Direct link to President & Secretary of Defense

6 Commanders have geographic responsibility

4 Commanders have worldwide responsibility

CentralCommand

Unified CommandsChairman of the JCS

Office of the Secretary of Defense

Military Departments

SouthernCommand

SpecialOperationsCommand

PacificCommand

NorthernCommand

EuropeanCommand

TransportationCommand

Strategic Command

Joint ForcesCommand

AfricaCommand

What we do

Warfighting Humanitarian Peacekeeping Evacuation Homeland

Security

Our most important resource

It’s not tanks, planes or ships, it’s …

People

Provide the military forces needed to deter war

Protect the security of the United States

Fight and win our nation’s wars if/when called upon to do so

Our bottom line

WAR

Reality of Warfare

War will happen…

At the worst possible time

In the worst possible place

With the worst possible enemy

YOUR job is to wage war…

… better than

the enemy

Professional Responsibility

Learn HOW we wage war in ALL of its forms – Against ANY/ALL of our enemies

“Being a warrior is not an AFSC…it’s a condition of the heart!!!” – Gen Jumper

“War is nothing but a duel on an extensive scale… Each strives by physical force to compel the other to submit

to his will… War therefore is an act of violence to compel

our opponent to do our will.”

– Carl von Clausewitz

Definition of War

Basic Themes of War

Politics and violence are intertwined

War is policy…

… “that fights battles instead of

writing notes”

War is the continuation of politics with

the addition of other means

- War is a last resort of policy

-- We exhaust diplomatic efforts!

-- When military engages, the political process

doesn’t stop

Bottom line: Success in war can only be measured

by whether political objectives are achieved

National Policy Through War

Wars are clashes of power and interest Moral constraints should never be put

above a nation’s self-interest Focuses on military necessity, where all

methods can or should be used to achieve victory: Burning of Atlanta in Civil War Bombing civilian centers in WWII

Realism

Adolf Hitler

Wars aren’t merely human affairs:

Divine instruments of judgment

Authorized by God

God responsible for outcome

Cosmic battle between Good

and Evil

Holy War

“Returning violence for violence multiplies violence, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars.” – Martin Luther King, Jr.

Opposes war as a means of settling disputes and advocates use of arbitration, surrender, or even migration

Spectrum ranges:Avoidance of war at all costs War only as a last resort

Pacifism

Mahatma Gandhi

Killing is morally unacceptable…Determine when war is morally justified and define actions that are permissible

Focuses on:

Protection of non-combatants

Wage war by clearly defined rules

Bottom line: Fight for a just cause and employ just means

Just War Theory

St. Thomas Aquinas

Fog Difficulty to see and understand what’s

happening in battle Once a literal “FOG” Now more figuratively:

Too much happening Misinformation Conflicting information

Overwhelmed with too much info!!!

Battle of Waterloo, June 1815

Friction Murphy’s Law… at its worst

Troops are lost Bombs miss their target Enemies don’t act as expected

Friction is that which seems easy in war planning made difficult in reality!

“Everything in war is very simple, but the simplest thing is difficult.”

– Clausewitz

Chance Plain dumb luck and fortune.

Col Stauffenberg

Assassination attempt on

Hitler

Battle of Midway Island

Participants

Motives

Objectives

Scope of War

Level of Violence

Means Used

Asymmetry

Elements of War

Summary

- LLAB & Meal Deal 3 up/3 down -- Debrief (5 min)

- 440 CW/CC “State of the Cadet Wing”-- Briefing (10 min)

- Principles of War -- Short Movie (20 min)

-- OPERATION DESERT STORM (5 min)

-- 12 Principles of Joint Operations Discussion (1 each – 20 min)

- The Department of Defense (10 min)

- War and the American Military (10 min)

- AF Topic of Your Choice (10 min) * Recommendations for Living Arrangements as 2d Lts

For Next Class

Prepare for Lessons 4, 17 and 19• Take a brief look at the Substance Abuse CBT

on disk• Skim readings for Lessons 17 & 19

Complete Take-Home Exam• Will be posted NLT 1 Oct 09 at 1200L to

Blackboard and Emailed

Questions?