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Humanitity’s Top Ten Problem for next 50 years*
• DEMOCRACY• DISEASE• EDUCATION• ENERGY• ENVIRONMENTS• FOOD• POPULATION• POVERTY• TERRORISM & WAR• WATER
1.ENERGY2.WATER3.FOOD 4.ENVIRONMENT5.POVERTY6.TERRORISM & WAR7.DISEASE 8.EDUCATION9.DEMOCRACY10.POPULATION
*Adapted from a presentation by Richard Smalley At the MIT Enterprise Forum 22/01/2003
• 15-17 TW is used 25-27 TW in 2050; 85 % fossil fuels
and 13% other sources
• Converting 10% of solar energy on 0.3% of land
surface would suffice the projected demand in 2050
• 37Gt of CO2 to day and it can go up to 43 Gt in 2035
• CO2 cycle involves about 90Gt
• Methanol economy
The Situation Today
Where is that energy going to come from?
The world’s energy needs will be growing much
more steeply from now than at any time since the
beginning of the industrial revolution. There is no
doubt that we will need much more energy in 2050
than now.
THREE CHOICES
• RENEWABLES• FOSSIL FUELS• NUCLEAR
Bottom Line - A reasonable goal for 2050
is a three-way mix of all
Reproduced from Yasuo Izumi, Co. Chem. Rev., 257,171 (2013)
“I’d put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I
hope we don’t have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that.
I wish I had more years left.”
Thomas Alva Edison 1930
The amount of solar energy that falls on the earth’s surface in 40 minutes equals
the total annual energy consumption of all the world’s people.
(Texas Solar Energy Society)
http://www.txses.org/solar/content/solar-energy-facts-you-should-know
27 years’ worth of worldwide energy consumption equals only one day’s worth of
solar energy hitting the earth
HOW WE CAPTURE THE SUNLIGHT IN AN EFFICIENT WAY?
The Elixir of Life
Aquaculture, Domestic, Industrial Irrigation, Livestock
Mining, Public supply, Thermoelectric power
FUTURE ENERGY SOURCE
Will Water Constrain Our Energy Future?
HYDROGEN ECONOMY?
SPECIFIC ENERGY DENSITY IS TOO HIGH COMPARED TO OTHER
RESOURCES
How can we prepare pure hydrogen?
The most discussed chemical compound in the 21st Century
CO2 is the most common greenhouse gas?
Can We Utilize Carbon Dioxide for a Better Future?
CARBON DIOXIDE ECONOMY
Conduction band, valence band potentials, and band gap energies of various semiconductor Photo-catalysts relative
to the redox potentials at pH 7 of compounds involved in CO2 reduction.
© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 7372 – 7408