Milleks meile õpitehnoloogia standardid?

Hans Põldoja

Metaandmed

http://www.curriki.org

Dublin Core

Dublin Core

• Infoobjektide metaandmete standard (1995)

• Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1 (2012) http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/

http://dublincore.org

Dublin Core 1.1 elemendid (1)

• contributor

• coverage

• creator

• date

• description

• format

Dublin Core 1.1 elemendid (2)

• identifier

• language

• publisher

• relation

• rights

• source

Dublin Core 1.1 elemendid (3)

• subject

• title

• type

DC praktiline kasutus

• Kirjutatakse XHTML faili päisesse

• Ükski element ei ole kohustuslik

• Iga elementi võib korrata

• Elementide järjekord ei ole oluline

DC näited

<meta name="DC.title" content="Kevade" />

<meta name="DC.creator" content="Luts, Oskar" />

http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/handle/10062/19332

Õpiobjektide metaandmete standard

IEEE LOM

• IEEE Learning Object Metadata (2002)

• Põhineb Dublin Core, ARIADNE ja IMS tööl

• 58 elementi 9 kategoorias

• http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/files/LOM_1484_12_1_v1_Final_Draft.pdf

http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/

(Hermann, 2002)

IEEE LOM kategooriad (1)

• General

• Life Cycle

• Meta-Metadata

• Technical

• Educational

• Rights

IEEE LOM kategooriad (2)

• Relation

• Annotation

• Classification

Hariduslikud metaandmed (1)

• Interactivity Type

• Learning Resource Type

• Interactivity Level

• Semantic Density

• Intended End User Role

• Context

Hariduslikud metaandmed (2)

• Typical Age Range

• Difficulty

• Typical Learning Time

• Description

• Language

15 July 2002 FINAL DRAFT STANDARD IEEE 1484.12.1-2002

Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an approved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to changes in final publication by IEEE - SA 28

Nr Name Explanation Size Order Value space Datatype Example

5.5 Intended End User Role

Principal user(s) for which this learning object was designed, most dominant first.

NOTE 1:--A learner works with a learning object in order to learn something. An author creates or publishes a learning object. A manager manages the delivery of this learning object, e.g., a university or college. The document for a manager is typically a curriculum.

NOTE 2:--In order to describe the intended end user role through the skills the user is intended to master, or the tasks he or she is intended to be able to accomplish, the category 9:Classification can be used.

smallest permitted maximum: 10 items

teacher author learner manager

Vocabulary (State)

An authoring tool that produces pedagogical material is a typical example of a learning object whose intended end user is an author

5.6 Context The principal environment within which the learning and use of this learning object is intended to take place.

NOTE:--Suggested good practice is to use one of the values of the value space and to use an additional instance of this data element for further refinement, as in ("LOMv1.0","higher education") and ("http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/ onderwijsinvlaanderen/Default.htm", "kandidatuursonderwijs")

smallest permitted maximum: 10 items

unordered school higher education training other

Vocabulary (State)

-

(IEEE, 2002)

IEEE LOM rakendusprofiilid

• Rakendusprofiil (Application Profile) on komplekt metaandmete elemente ning reegleid ja soovitusi nende kasutamiseks konkreetses süsteemis

• The EUN Learning Resource Exchange Metadata Application Profile 4.7: http://lreforschools.eun.org/web/guest/metadata

LRE AP 4.7 õppematerjali tüübid

Resources: application, assessment, broadcast, case study, course, demonstration, drill and practice, educational game, enquiry-oriented activity, experiment, exploration, glossary, guide (advice sheets), lesson plan, open activity, other, presentation, project, reference, role play, simulation, textbook, tool, website.

Social media: bookmark sharing platform, image sharing platform, reference sharing platform, sound sharing platform, video sharing platform, weblog, wiki.

Assets: audio, data, model, text, video.

ISO/IEC 19788

• ISO/IEC 19788 Information technology – Learning, education and training – Metadata for learning resources

• ISO poolt juhitav LOM edasiarendus, mille 10-st kavandatud osast on hetkel valmis 5.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788

Kursuse metaandmed

Kursuse metaandmed

• Metadata for Learning Opportunities - Advertising (MLO-AD) (2008/2011, EU): ftp://ftp.cenorm.be/PUBLIC/CWAs/e-Europe/WS-LT/CWA15903-00-2008-Dec.pdf

• XCRI Course Advertising Profile (XCRI-CAP) (2012, UK): http://www.xcri.org/wiki/index.php/XCRI_CAP_1.2

http://www.xcri.co.uk

Kursuse info (selection)EN ET Options EN XCRI 1.2 MLO

Title Nimetus <title> TitleCourse ID Ainekood <identifier> IdentifierProvider <provider> mlo:LearningOpportunityProviderCredits Ainepunkte <credit> mlo:creditFacilitator ÕppejõudEducation Level Haridustase <educationLevel> mlo:levelLanguage of Instruction Keel <languageOfInstruction> mlo:languageOfInstructionAttendance Mode CM Campus, DA

Distance with attendance, DS Distance without attendance, NC Face-to-face non-campus, MM Mixed mode, ON Online (no attendance), WB Work-based

<attendanceMode> mlo:engagement

Objective Eesmärgid <objective> mlo:objectiveDescription Kirjeldus <description> DescriptionLearning Outcomes Õpiväljundid <learningOutcome>Assessment Hindamismeetodid <assessment> mlo:assessmentPrerequisite Eeldusained <prerequisite> mlo:prerequisiteStarting Date Alguskuupäev <start> mlo:startEnding Date Lõppkuupäev <end>Enrollment Procedure By the facilitator,

Moderated, OpenApply Until Registreerumise tähtaeg <applyUntil>Permission Ligipääs Course participants,

Logged in, AllCourse Tag Kursuse märksõnaImage Pilt <image>Status Staatus Preparation, Active,

Finished

Repositooriumide andmevahetus

Repositooriumide andmevahetus

• Simple Query Interface (SQI) võimaldab teostada sünkroonseid ja asünkroonseid päringuid teistesse repositooriumidesse

• Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) võimaldab pakkuda repositooriumidel oma metaandmeid teistele repositooriumidele kogumiseks

http://www.openarchives.org/pmh/

Sisupakettide standardid

SCORM

• SCORM: Shareable Content Object Reference Model

• Kursuse taaskasutamine tervikuna ja õppematerjali sidumine õpikeskkonnaga

• Põhineb IMS Content Packaging spetsifikatsioonil

http://www.adlnet.gov/scorm/

SCORM versioonid

• SCORM 1.0 (2000)

• SCORM 1.1 (2001)

• SCORM 1.2 (2001)

• SCORM 2004 (1. ja 2. trükk 2004, 3. trükk 2006, 4. trükk 2009)

SCORM 2004 raamatud

• SCORM Overview — ülevaade

• Content Aggregation Model (CAM) — SCORM paketi komponendid, pakendamine ja transport

• Run-Time Environment (RTE) — SCORM sisupakettide serveerimine ÕHS’is

• Sequencing and Navigation (SN) — liikumine ühelt peatükilt teisele

• SCORM Conformance Requirements — SCORM sertifikaadile vastamise nõuded

imsmanifest.xml<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no" ?><manifest identifier="MANIFEST_IDENTIFIER" version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imscp_v1p1" xmlns:adlcp="http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_v1p3" xmlns:adlnav="http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlnav_v1p3" xmlns:adlseq="http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlseq_v1p3" xmlns:imsss="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsss" xmlns:lom="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imscp_v1p1 imscp_v1p1.xsd http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlcp_v1p3 adlcp_v1p3.xsd http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlnav_v1p3 adlnav_v1p3.xsd http://www.adlnet.org/xsd/adlseq_v1p3 adlseq_v1p3.xsd http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsss imsss_v1p0.xsd http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM lom.xsd"> <metadata> <schema>ADL SCORM</schema> <schemaversion>CAM 1.3</schemaversion> </metadata> <organizations/> <resources/></manifest> (Rebas, 2008)

Peatükid

<organizations default="ORG-001"> <!-- The default activity tree. --> <organization identifier="ORG-001" structure="hierarchical"> <title>SCORM spetsifikatsioon</title> <item identifier="ACT-001" identifierref="RES-001"> <title>SCORMi ajalugu ja idee</title> </item> <item identifier="ACT-002" identifierref="RES-002"> <title>SCORM paketi ülesehitus ja toimimine</title> </item> </organization></organizations>

(Rebas, 2008)

Ressurss

<resources>   <resource id="RES-001" type="webcontent" adlcp:scormType="asset">        <file href="example2.xml"/>   </resource>   <resource id="RES-002" type="webcontent" adlcp:scormType="asset">        <file href="example3.xml"/>   </resource></resources>

(Rebas, 2008)

SCORM loomise vahendid

• eXe: http://www.exelearning.org

• CourseLab: http://www.courselab.com/

• Xerte: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xerte/

• http://docs.moodle.org/26/en/Tools_for_creating_SCORM_content

Common Cartridge

http://www.imsglobal.org/cc/

Common Cartridge eelised

• Testid on standardses formaadis (5 küsimusetüüpi)

• Pakett võib sisaldada viiteid välistele materjalidele

• Interaktsioon väliste vahendite, rakenduste ja teenustega

• Paindlikud ligipääsuõigused sisule

Vahendid CC koostamiseks

• Tasuta:

• eXe Learning: http://www.exelearning.org

• AContent: http://atutor.ca/acontent/

• Kommertstarkvara:

• SoftChalk: http://softchalk.com

Tin Can API

http://tincanapi.com

Tin Can eelised SCORM’i ees

• Detailsemad testide tulemused

• LMS ega brauser pole vajalikud

• Mobiilirakenduste tugi

• Simulatsioonide, tõsimängude ja muude õppevormide jälgimine

Tin Can API tööpõhimõte

• Inimesed õpivad erinevaid vahendeid ja õppevorme kasutades

• Tegevused salvestatakse alus-öeldis-sihitis (“Mina tegin seda”) kujul Learning Records Store süsteemi (LRS)

• LRS salvestab tegevused ja saab neid jagada teiste LRS’idega. LRS töötab iseseisvalt või LMS sees.

Tin Can API sõnavara

• Tegevused (Verbs): https://registry.tincanapi.com/#home/verbs

• Objektid (Activity types): https://registry.tincanapi.com/#home/activityTypes

http://www.adlnet.gov/tla/experience-api/

http://learninglocker.net

Küsimused ja testid

IMS QTI

• IMS Question & Test Interoperability Specification 2.1 (2012)

• IMS QTI küsimuste tüübid on kirjas IMS Question and Test Interoperability Implementation Guide juhendis

• IMS QTI versioonis 2.1 on 16 erinevat küsimusetüüpi

http://www.imsglobal.org/question/

choiceInteraction (multi-choice)

choiceInteraction (multi-response)

orderInteraction

associateInteraction

matchInteraction

gapMatchInteraction

inlineChoice

textEntryInteraction

extendedTextInteraction

hottextInteraction

hotspotInteraction

selectPointInteraction

graphicOrderInteraction

graphicAssociateInteraction

graphicGapMatchInteraction

positionObjectInteraction

sliderInteraction

Lisalugemist

http://www.cen-ltso.net

Viited

• Hermann, T. (2002). Overview of LOM Draft 6.4. http://www.sreb.org/programs/EdTech/SCORE/SCORE_Users_Guide.pdf

• IEEE (2002). Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.

• IMS Global Learning Consortium (2006). IMS Question and Test Interoperability Implementation Guide: Version 2.1 Public Draft (revision 2) Specification.

• Rebas, V. (2008). SCORM-sisupakettide esitlusvahend e-õppekeskkonnas IVA. http://www.cs.tlu.ee/instituut/opilaste_tood/bakalaureuse_ja_diplomitood/2008_kevad/Vahur_Rebas/Vahur_Rebas_Bakalaureuse_Too.pdf

Kasutatud fotod

• Alan Levine, http://www.flickr.com/photos/cogdog/4106215673/

See materjal on avaldatud Creative Commons Autorile viitamine–Jagamine samadel tingimustel 3.0 Eesti litsentsi alusel. Litsentsi terviktekstiga tutvumiseks külastage aadressi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ee/

Hans Põldojahans.poldoja@tlu.ee

Digitaalsete õppematerjalide koostaminehttp://oppematerjalid.wordpress.com

Tallinna ÜlikoolInformaatika Instituut