Wireless Application

Protocol1

definition

Wireless Application Protocol

“set of rules governing the transmission and reception of data by computer application on via wireless devices like mobile phones “

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What is WAP?

is an application communication protocol.

is used to access services and information.

is inherited from Internet standards.

is for handheld devices such as mobile phones.

is device independent, network independent.

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continued…

is the leading standard for information services on wireless

terminals like digital mobile phones.

is a protocol designed for micro browsers.

enables the creating of web applications for mobile devices.

uses the mark-up language WML (not HTML).

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History of wap

WAP is published by the WAP Forum, founded in 1997 by

Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet.

Forum members now represent over 90% of the global handset

market, as well as leading infrastructure providers, software

developers and other organizations.

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WAP Forum members

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CCL

Goals of wap

According to the WAP Forum, the goals of WAP are to be:

Open to all.

Independent of wireless network standard.

Proposed to the appropriate standards bodies.

Scalable across transport options.

Scalable across device types.

Extensible over time to new networks and transports.

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Internet model

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Wap model

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WAP Gateway/Proxy

Its an entity that connects the wireless domain with the Internet.

WSP is a binary version of HTTP.

The Wireless Markup Language (WML) has been adapted to develop optimized WAP applications.

Encoding WML is one of the tasks performed by the WAP Gateway/Proxy.

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How it works?

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Features of WAP

1. Interoperability: WAP is an open license-free standard, which ensures that WAP-compliant devices are interoperable.

2. Scalability: WAP applications scale across a variety of wireless transport options like GSM SMS, GSM USSD, IP, CDMA, etc., and also across a wide range of wireless terminals from hand sets to powerful PDAs.

 

3. Extensibility: WAP has been designed as a future-proof technology. It is extensible over time to new networks and transports thereby protecting the mobile network

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Continued…

4. Flexibility: WAP is a flexible solution that caters to the requirements of various types of applications by providing service options like connection mode and connection-less services, with or without end-to-end security. 

5. Reusability: WAP specification extends and adapts existing Internet standards such as HTTP, IP, Proxy technology, SSL, TLS, XML, HTML, etc., to wireless environment instead of defining a new set of standards.

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WAP Layered Architecture

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Wap Protocols

• Wireless Application Environment (WAE).

To build services in wireless domain

comprises of multiple components to provide facilities like,

• User agent

• Wireless Markup Language

• WMLScript

• Wireless Telephony Application

• WAP Push Architecture

• Content Formats

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WAP Push application behaviour

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How the push operation is performed ?

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Continued…

• WSP (Wireless Session Protocol)

Provides the application layer of WAP with a consistent

interface for two session services.

A connection-oriented service that operates above the

transaction layer protocol WTP.

A connectionless service that operates above a secure or

non-secure datagram service (WDP).

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Continued…

• WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol)

Provide efficient request/reply based transport mechanism

suitable for devices with limited resources over networks

with low to medium bandwidth.

WTP Push mode allows server to “push” data to a client

without request

WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that TCP/IP

uses to transfer the same amount of data.

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Continued…

• WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security)

Is a security protocol ,Derived from Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).

WTLS is intended for use with the WAP transport protocols and has been optimized for use over narrow-band communication channels.

It provides the following features,

->data integrity

->privacy

->authentication

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Continued…

• WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol)

The Transport layer protocol in the WAP architecture

Provides a common interface to the Security, Session, and

Application layers

Able to function independently of the underlying wireless

network.

This is the key to global interoperability can be achieved

using mediating gateways21

comparision

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Protocol Layers

Web WAP

Markup Languages HTML WML

Scripting languages VBScript ,JavaScript WMLScript

Session and transaction layers

HTTP WSP,WTP

Security TLS-SSL WTLS

Delivery Service TCP,UDPIP

WDPBearer

USAGE

-Corporate Applications: Sales force automation where sales people use their WAP enabled handsets to get instant, direct access to the latest pricing, latest news, competitive information any time, anywhere.

- Online Services:

Banking: UsersUsers can get their current balance, transfer funds between accounts and receive fax of a mini-statement.

Electronic Commerce: Subscribers can use their handset just like their PC to purchase products and services over the Web.

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Continued…

-Tele servicesPrepaid Services: With a WAP-enabled phone, prepaid

subscribers can see their current balance with the press of a button. By pressing another button, they can also recharge their account by entering a credit card or voucher number into the handset.-Personal Productivity

Email: Using WAP users can keep track of their email right from their handset.-Others include: - Interactive Chat- Auctions- Games

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benefits

1. Portability

2. Easy to use

3. Access to a wide variety of services on a competitive market

4. The possibility of having personalised services

5. Fast, convenient, and efficient access to services

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drawbacks

• Small screens: For web phones, there's an incredibly

small viewing area; palmtops are barely better.

• Speed of access: All devices have slow access.

• Limited or fragmented availability: Wireless web

access is sporadic in many areas and entirely

unavailable in other areas.

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applications

Some of the interesting applications of WAP (already existing or being worked on) are:

• Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) and Nokia are working with a Finnish fashion retailer who plans to send clothing offers direct to mobile telephones using a combination of cursors, touch screen technology and WAP to allow would-be shoppers to hot-link to order-entry pages on the web.

• In Finland, children already play new versions of competitive games such as "Battleships", via the cellular networks. In the music world, Virgin Mobile in the UK offers to download the latest pop hits to customers in a daily offering.

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Continued…

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• Scala has developed several WAP products for small to medium-sized companies which would allow, for example, a field sales force to access customer order information and stock availability details via a WAP handset.

• A key growth area for the technology will be business-to-workforce, with companies using WAP applications to reach employees at any time. Scala is currently working on time-sheet applications and techniques for entering and filing expense claims via the mobile phone.

• Nokia says applications that will benefit from WAP include customer care and provisioning, message notification and call management, e-mail, mapping and location services, weather and traffic alerts, sports.  

Examples of WAP use

Checking train table information Ticket purchase Flight check in Viewing traffic information Checking weather conditions Looking up stock values Looking up phone numbers Looking up addresses Looking up sport results

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references

“Mobile Computing Technology, Applications and Service

Creation”-Mc Graw Hill 2nd Editon –Asoke K Talukder,Hasan

Ahmed, Roopa R Yavagal

“WAP A BEGINNER’S GUIDE”-TATA McGraw Hill-DALE

BULBOOK

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