A

Seminar Report

On

Cloud Computing and Deployment Levels

By

Gaurav Kumar(0820713022)

Under the Guidance ofMr. Sushil Kumar Bagi

Dept. of Information Technology

AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

YEAR: 2010-2011

Chapter Title Page No.

DECLERATION i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

ABSTRACT iii

CONTENTS iv

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. LITERATURE SURVE 2

3. OVERALL DESCRIPTION OF WORK 4

4. CONCLUSION 9

5. SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK 10

REFERENCES 11

APPENDIX: RESEARCH PAPER 12

CONTENTS

DECLERATION

I hereby declare that the Seminar “Cloud Computing and Deployment Levels”

submitted to the Department of Information Technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engg. College,

Ghaziabad, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mr. Sushil Kumar

Bagi Department of Information Technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engg. College and this Seminar

report is submitted as a part of partial fulfillment of GBTU Course Curriculum (Seminar, Sub

Code: EIT 654).

Gaurav Kumar

..................................

Date:

Place:

Mr. Sushil Kumar Bagi

………………………….

Date:

Place

Acknowledgement

I am thankful to my seminar guide Mr. Sushil Kumar Bagi, for his proper guidance and valuable suggestions. I am also greatly thankful to Dr. Anu Chaudhary, Department of Information and Technology and other faculty members for giving me an opportunity to learn and do this seminar. If not for the above mentioned people, my seminar would never have been completed in such a successfully manner. I once again extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

Gaurav Kumar(0802713022)

Abstract

Computers have become an indispensable part of life. We need computers everywhere, be it for work, research or in any such field. As the use of computers in our day-to-day life increases, the computing resources that we need also go up. For companies like Google and Microsoft, harnessing the resources as and when they need it is not a problem. But when it comes to smaller enterprises, affordability becomes a huge factor. With the huge infrastructure come problems like machines failure, hard drive crashes, software bugs, etc. This might be a big headache for such a community. Cloud Computing offers a solution to this situation. Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in which computing is moved away from personal computers and even the individual enterprise application server to a ‘cloud’ of computers. A cloud is a virtualized server pool which can provide the different computing resources of their clients. Users of this system need only be concerned with the computing service being asked for. The underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden from the user. The data and the services provided reside in massively scalable data centers and can be ubiquitously accessed from any connected device all over the world. Cloud computing is the style of computing where massively scaled IT related capabilities are provided as a service across the internet to multiple external customers and are billed by consumption. Many cloud computing providers have popped up and there is a considerable growth in the usage of this service. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, IBM and Amazon have started providing cloud computing services. Amazon is the pioneer in this field. Smaller companies like SmugMug, which is an online photo hosting site, has used cloud services for the storing all the data and doing some of its services. Cloud Computing is finding use in various areas like web hosting, parallel batch processing, graphics rendering, financial modeling, web crawling, genomics analysis, etc.

1. Introduction

The Greek myths tell of creatures plucked from the surface of the Earth and enshrined as constellations in the night sky. Something similar is happening today in the world of computing. Data and programs are being swept up from desktop PCs and corporate server rooms and installed in “the compute cloud”. In general, there is a shift in the geography of computation. What is cloud computing exactly? As a beginning here is a definition “An emerging computer paradigm where data and services reside in massively scalable data centers in the cloud and can be accessed from any connected devices over the internet” Like other definitions of topics like these, an understanding of the term cloud computing requires an understanding of various other terms which are closely related to this. While there is a lack of precise scientific definitions for many of these terms, general definitions can be given. Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm in the computer industry where the computing is moved to a cloud of computers. It has become one of the buzz words of the industry. The core concept of cloud computing is, quite simply, that the vast computing resources that we need will reside somewhere out there in the cloud of computers and we’ll connect to them and use them as and when needed. Computing can be described as any activity of using and/or developing computer hardware and software. It includes everything that sits in the bottom layer, i.e. everything from raw compute power to storage capabilities. Cloud computing ties together all these entities and delivers them as a single integrated entity under its own sophisticated management. Cloud is a term used as a metaphor for the wide area networks (like internet) or any such large networked environment. It came partly from the cloud-like symbol used to represent the complexities of the networks in the schematic diagrams. It represents all the complexities of the network which may include everything from cables, routers, servers, data centers and all such other devices. Computing started off with the mainframe era. There were big mainframes and everyone connected to them via “dumb” terminals. This old model of business computing was frustrating for the people sitting at the dumb terminals because they could do only what they were “authorized” to do. They were dependent on the computer administrators to give them permission or to fix their problems. They had no way of staying up to the latest innovations. The personal computer was a rebellion against the tyranny of centralized computing operations. There was a kind of freedom in the use of personal computers. But this was later replaced by server architectures with enterprise servers and others showing up in the industry. This made sure that the computing was done and it did not eat up any of the resources that one had with him. All the computing was performed at servers. Internet grew in the lap of these servers. With cloud computing we have come a full circle. We come back to the centralized computing infrastructure. But this time it is something which can easily be accessed via the internet and something over which we have all the control.

2. Literature Surve

Cloud computing refers to a network that distributes processing power, applications, and large systems among many computers. Social media channels and many other applications use cloud computing as their platform. But cloud computing goes beyond that, offering a way for people to expand their local computing power onto the (seemingly) infinite processing power of the Internet. One of the results is a changing method of communication. Cloud computing can be a single-function application, an infrastructure on which these applications (and many others) can run, a set of services that offer the advantages of huge amounts of computing resources, and the ability to store large amounts of data remotely. Many companies and educational institutions are just beginning to realize the benefits of cloud-based applications that have traditionally required site licensing, installation, and maintenance. Cloud computing, SaaS, software as a service, social media.[1]

Many believe that Cloud will reshape the entire ICT industry as a revolution. In this paper, we aim to pinpoint the challenges and issues of Cloud computing. We first discuss two related computing paradigms - Service-Oriented Computing and Grid computing, and their relationships with Cloud computing We then identify several challenges from the Cloud computing adoption perspective. Last, we will highlight the Cloud interoperability issue that deserves substantial further research and development.[2]

Cloud Computing is evolving as a key computing platform for sharing resources that include infrastructures, software, applications, and business processes. Virtualization is a core technology for enabling cloud resource sharing. However, most existing Cloud Computing platforms have not formally adopted the service-oriented architecture (SOA) that would make them more flexible, extensible, and reusable. By bridging the power of SOA and virtualization in the context of Cloud Computing ecosystem, this paper presents seven architectural principles and derives ten interconnected architectural modules to form a reusable and customizable Cloud Computing Open Architecture (CCOA). Two case studies on Infrastructure and Business Cloud are used to deliver business and practical value of infrastructure and business process provisioning services over the Internet. We also present some potential valueadded services of the proposed CCOA to guide strategic planning and other consulting practices of Cloud Computing.[3]

With the development of parallel computing, distributed computing, grid computing, a new computing model appeared. The concept of computing comes from grid, public computing and SaaS. It is a new method that shares basic framework. The basic principles of cloud computing is to make the computing be assigned in a great number of distributed computers, rather then local computer or remoter server. The running of the enterprise’s data center is just like Internet. This makes the enterprise use the resource in the application that is needed, and access computer and storage system according to the requirement. This article introduces the background and principle of cloud computing, the character, style and actuality. This article also introduces the application field the merit of cloud computing, such as, it do not need user’s high level equipment, so it reduces the user’s cost. It provides secure and dependable data storage center, so user needn’t do the awful things such storing data and killing virus, this kind of task can be done by professionals. It can realize data share through different equipments. It analyses some

questions and hidden troubles, and puts forward some solutions, and discusses the future of cloud computing. Cloud computing is a computing style that provide power referenced with IT as a service. Users can enjoy the service even he knows nothing about the technology of cloud computing and the professional knowledge in this field and the power to control it.[4]

As Cloud Computing begins to move beyond the pure hype stage and into the beginning of mainstream adoption, adopting cloud-based services or moving application services to the cloud brings a number of new risks, including: Cloud availability, Cloud security, Erosion of data integrity, and so on. However, for enterprise which require visibility, trust and control over cloud-based services. To maximize the value of cloud computing, meanwhile, to avoid the risk associated with their cloud-based implementations, enterprises need an approach, processes, procedures, and technology to manage and control thousands of data, services and process elements in the Cloud environment. In a word, Cloud computing needs governance. In this paper, the authors propose a Cloud-based governance model that marks out a path that will guide the enterprise into the cloud in a controlled and secure manner.[5]

As a kind of emerging business computational model, Cloud Computing distribute computation task on the resource pool which consists of massive computers, accordingly ,the application systems can gain the computation strength, the storage space and software service according to its demand. Cloud computing can be viewed from two different aspects. One is about the cloud infrastructure which is the building block for the up layer cloud application. The other is of course the cloud application. By means of three technical methods, cloud computing has achieved two important goals for the distributed computing: high scalability and high availability. Scalability means that the cloud infrastructure can be expanded to very large scale even to thousands of nodes. Availability means that the services are available even when quite a number of nodes fail. This paper discusses the evolution process of cloud computing, the current technologies adopted in cloud computing, as well as the systems in enterprises. This paper introduced with emphasis the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, the cloud computing platform of Google and “blue cloud” of IBM, analyze and compare three kinds of cloud computing platform.[6]

Cloud computing emerges as one of the hottest topic in field of information technology. Cloud computing is based on several other computing research areas such as HPC, virtualization, utility computing and grid computing. In order to make clear the essential of cloud computing, we propose the characteristics of this area which make cloud computing being cloud computing and distinguish it from other research areas. The cloud computing has its own conceptional, technical, economic and user experience characteristics. The service oriented, loose coupling, strong fault tolerant, business model and ease use are main characteristics of cloud computing. Clear insights into cloud computing will help the development and adoption of this evolving technology both for academe and industry.[7]

3. Overall Description of workWhat is Cloud Computing

A. BackgroudCurrently there is no standard definition or specification of cloud computing. It may take some time to define the key characteristics of Cloud Computing based on practices in the field. Cloud Computing involves a set of key technologies to address resource sharing based on business requirements. Based on our practices in the areas of service provisioning and solution design, there are two key enabling technologies could play very important roles in this revolutionary phase: virtualization technology and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).

The virtualization technology handles how images of the operating systems, middleware, and applications are pro-created and allocated to the right physical machines or a slice of a server stack. The images could be moved around and put into production environment on demand. On the other hand, virtualization technology can also help reuse licenses of operating systems, middleware, or software applications, once a subscriber releases his/her service from the Cloud Computing platform.

The SOA is the evolution of a system or software architecture for addressing componentization, reusability extensibility, and flexibility. In order to construct scalable Cloud Computing platforms, we need to leverage SOA to build reusable components, standard-based interfaces, and extensible solution architectures. Creating a so-called Cloud Computing platform is easy as long as it can enable sharing of at least one of the resources. However, building a unified, scalable and reusable Cloud Computing architecture to support sharing of all types of resources still faces challenges in the areas of technology breakthrough and best industry practices.

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, ondemand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction .

Figure 1 - Cloud Computing Overview

B. Cloud Computing PrincipleIt provides computing resources in the pool for users through internet. Integrated cloud computing is a whole dynamic computing system. It provides a mandatory application program environment. It can deploy, allocate or reallocate computing resource dynamically and monitor the usage of resources at all times. Generally speaking cloud computing has a distributed foundation establishment, and monitor the distributed system, to achieve the purpose of efficient use of the system. Cloud computing collects all the computing resources and manages them automatically through software. In the process of data analysis, it integrates the history data and present data to make the collected information more accurate and provide more intelligent service for users and enterprises. The users need not care how to buy servers, softwares, solutions and so on. Users can buy the computing resource through internet according to their own needs.

Cloud computing does not depend on special data center, but we can look it as the inevitable product of grid computing and efficiency computing. However, compared with general network service, cloud computing is easy to extend, and has an simple management style. Cloud is not only simply collect the computer resource, but also provides a management mechanism and can provides services for millions of users simultaneously. Nowadays, virtualization is entering every field of data center. It has become useful tool and improved service capacity. When the storage and computing capacity of the server cluster are surplus, we need not purchase servers, all we need to to is to add a virtual machine running on the server. If the cluster is large enough, the request of adding server will have marginal effect, and then we can save the money that should be used in purchasing new servers. At the same time, cloud computing provides powerful supports for SAAS(software as a service). It integrates all the companies that provide similar services in the internet in order that users can compare and select service providers. Cloud computing provides dependable and secure data storage center, provides immense possibility for internet application, provides infinite space for storing and managing data, provides powerful computing capacity for users to complete all kinds of application. Future computer may only be used for connecting internet to implement services based on cloud computing. Users will change their habit of using computer totally, from services centered by desktop to services centered by Web.

On-demand self-service: A consumer with an instantaneous need at a particular timeslot can avail computing resources (such as CPU time, network storage, software use, and so forth) in an automatic (i.e. convenient, self-serve) fashion without resorting to human interactions with providers of these resources.

Broad network access: These computing resources are delivered over the network (e.g. Internet) and used by various client applications with heterogeneous platforms (such as mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs) situated at a consumer's site.

Resource pooling. A cloud service provider’s computing resources are 'pooled' together in an effort to serve multiple consumers using either the multi-tenancy or the virtualization model, "with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand". The motivation for setting up such a pool-based computing paradigm lies in two important factors: economies of scale and specialization. The result of a pool-based model is that physical computing resources become 'invisible' to consumers, who in general do not have control or knowledge over the location, formation, and originalities of these resources (e.g. database, CPU, etc.) . For example, consumers are not able to tell where their data is going to be stored in the Cloud.

Rapid elasticity. For consumers, computing resources become immediate rather than persistent: there are no up-front commitment and contract as they can use them to scale up whenever they want, and release them once they finish to scale down. Moreover, resources provisioning appears to be infinite to them, the consumption can rapidly rise in order to meet peak requirement at any time.

Measured Service. Although computing resources are pooled and shared by multiple consumers (i.e. multi-tenancy), the cloud infrastructure is able to use appropriate mechanisms to measure the usage of these resources for each individual consumer through its metering capabilities.

Figure 2 - Cloud Computing Architecture and user’s access

C. Cloud Computing StyleThough people have different views on the cloud computing, they have already reached an agreement on the basic style on it. Its style is as follows:

1)SAAS(Software as a service)

This kind of cloud computing transfer programs to millions of users through browser. In the user’s views, this can save some cost on servers and software. In the provider’s views, they only need to maintain one program, this can also save cost. Salesforce.com is so far the most famous company that provides this kind of service. SAAS is commonly used in human resource management system and ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning). Goole Apps and Zoho Office is also providing this kind of service.

2) Utility Computing

Recently Amazon.com, Sun, IBM and other companies that provide storage services and virtual services are appearing. Cloud computing is creating virtual data center for IT industry to make it

can provide service for the whole net through collecting memory, IO equipment, storage and computing power to a virtual resource pool.

3) Network service

Net service has a close relation with SAAS. The service providers can help programmers develop applications based on internet instead of providing single machine procedure through providing API(Application Programming Interface).

4) PAAS( Platform as a service)

Platform as a service, another SAAS, this kind of cloud computing providing development environment as a service. You can use the middleman’s equipment to develop your own program and transfer it to the users through internet and servers.

5) MSP (management service provider)

This is one of the ancient applications of cloud computing. This application mostly serves the IT industry instead of end users. It is often used in mail virus scanning and program monitoring.

6) Commercial service platform

The commercial service platform is the mixture of SAAS and MSP(Mixed signal Processor), this kind of computing provides a platform for the interaction between users and service provider. For instance, the user individual expense management system can manage user’s expense according user’s setting and coordinate all the services that users purchased.

7) Integrating internet

It can integrate all the companies that provide similar services, so that users can compare and select their service provider.

D. Cloud Computing Deployment level

More recently, four cloud deployment models have been defined in the Cloud community:

Private cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operated solely within a single organization, and managed by the organization or a third party regardless whether it is located premise or off premise. The motivation to setup a private cloud within an organization has several aspects. First, to maximize and optimize the utilization of existing in-house resources. Second, security concerns including data privacy and trust also make Private Cloud an option for many firms. Third, data transfer cost from local IT infrastructure to a Public Cloud is still rather considerable. Fourth, organizations always require full control over mission-critical activities that reside behind their firewalls. Last, academics often build private cloud for research and teaching purposes.

Community cloud: Several organizations jointly construct and share the same cloud infrastructure as well as policies, requirements, values, and concerns. The cloud community forms into a degree of economic scalability and democratic equilibrium. The cloud infrastructure could be hosted by a third-party vendor or within one of the organizations in the community.

Public cloud. This is the dominant form of current Cloud computing deployment model. The public cloud is used by the general public cloud consumers and the cloud service provider has the full ownership of the public cloud with its own policy, value, and profit, costing, and charging model. Many popular cloud services are public clouds including Amazon EC2, S3, Google AppEngine, and Force.com.

Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a combination of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). Organizations use the hybrid cloud model in order to optimize their resources to increase their core competencies by margining out peripheral business functions onto the cloud while controlling core activities on-premise through private cloud. Hybrid cloud has raised the issues of standardization and cloud interoperability.

4. Conclusion

Cloud computing is a powerful new abstraction for large scale data processing systems which is scalable, reliable and available. In cloud computing, there are large self-managed server pools available which reduces the overhead and eliminates management headache. Cloud computing services can also grow and shrink according to need. Cloud computing is particularly valuable to small and medium businesses, where effective and affordable IT tools are critical to helping them become more productive without spending lots of money on in-house resources and technical equipment. Also it is a new emerging architecture needed to expand the Internet tobecome the computing platform of the future.

5. Scope of future work

There is a wide scope in the research field for Cloud Computing regarding the safety, security and privacy issues because it is still in infacy. Moreover also the Deployment Levels also have to be enhanced.

The Future Internet covers all research and development activities dedicated to realizing tomorrow’s internet, i.e. enhancing a networking infrastructure which integrates all kind of resources, usage domains etc. As such, research related to cloud technologies form a vital part of the Future Internet research agenda. Confusions regarding the aspects covered by cloud computing with respect to the Future Internet mostly arise from the broad scope of characteristics assigned to “clouds”, as is the logical consequence of the re-branding boom some years ago. So far, most cloud systems have focused on hosting applications and data on remote computers, employing in particular replication strategies to ensure availability and thus achieving a load balancing scalability. However, the conceptual model of clouds exceeds such a simple technical approach and leads to challenges not unlike the ones of the future internet, yet with slightly different focus due to the combination of concepts and goals implicit to cloud systems. In other words, as a technological realisation driven by an economic proposition, cloud infrastructures would offer capabilities that enable relevant aspects of the future internet, in particular related to scalability, reliability and adaptability. At the same time, the cloud concept addresses multiple facets of these functionalities.

References

[1] Cloud Computing Is Changing How We Communicate, Rich Maggiani, 978-1-4244-4358-1/09 IEEE[2] Cloud Computing: Issues and Challenges, Tharam Dillon, DOI 10.1109/AINA.2010.187[3] CCOA: Cloud Computing Open Architecture, Liang-Jie Zhang and Qun Zhou, DOI 10.1109/ICWS.2009.144[4] Cloud Computing Research and Development Trend, Shuai Zhang, DOI 10.1109/ICFN.2010.58[5] A Governance Model for Cloud Computing, Zhiyun Guo /s Meina Song, 978-1-4244-5326-9/10[6] Analysis and Research of Cloud Computing System Instance, Shufen Zhang, DOI 10.1109/ICFN.2010.60[7] The Characteristics of Cloud Computing, Chunye Gong, Jie Liu, Qiang Zhang, Haitao Chen and Zhenghu Gong, DOI 10.1109/ICPPW.2010.45