Multimedia & Contiguity Principles

(Pertaining to printed words and graphics)

Made Easy

Project 1EDTECH513 SUMMER 2009

MICHAEL KENNELLY

Objectives

After studying this presentation the viewer will be able to:

understand the Multimedia and Contiguity Principles regarding printed words and graphics,

and identify good examples.

Contents

• Multimedia Principle & Graphics– Decorative graphics– Representational graphics– Relational graphics– Organizational graphics– Transformational graphics– Interpretive graphics

• Contiguity Principle• Assessment

Multimedia Principle

• Defined in simple terms:

People learn better when graphics and words are used together for instruction.

Multimedia Principle

• Defined in simple terms:

People learn better when graphics and words are used together for instruction.

However, not all graphics are created equal.

Some can be more effective than others.

Multimedia Principle

There are 6 types of graphics:

1 Decorative

2 Representational

3 Relational

4 Organizational

5 Transformational

6 Interpretive

Multimedia Principle

There are 6 types of graphics:

1 Decorative

2 Representational

3 Relational

4 Organizational

5 Transformational

6 Interpretive

The first two may be

less effective.

Multimedia Principle

There are 6 types of graphics:

1 Decorative

2 Representational

3 Relational

4 Organizational

5 Transformational

6 Interpretive

The first two may be

less effective.

The next four are

more effective

Multimedia Principle

1 Decorative graphics simply decorate a page and do not emphasize the meaning of the message.

The TaskAfter listening to stories about butterflies you and a partner will learn more about the butterfly life cycle by visiting web sites to see the life cycle stages and different types of butterflies to learn more about this insect. Your job will be to complete a life cycle poster, make art projects of the life cycle and write with your partner about what you learned.http://www.dedham.k12.ma.us/webquest/spring2002/lw/butterfly_webquest.htm#Credits

The example to the right is from a Web Quest created by Lori Weider to study the life cycle of butterfies.

Multimedia Principle

2 Representational graphics illustrate one element of the message.

http://www.tooter4kids.com/LifeCycle/Stages.htm

 

Stages Of A ButterflyTiny eggs are laid by the femaleon a leaf. Around 5 days later, a tiny wormlike creature will hatch.

The caterpillar is the primary eating and growth stage of the insect.

The pupa or chrysalis is the resting or transformation stage, and within it the marvelous transformation from caterpillar to adult takes place.

The adult emerges from the chrysalis.  

 

Multimedia Principle

3 Relational graphics compare or contrast information that is measurable in relationships. For example pie graphs or bar charts.

Multimedia Principle

4 Organizational graphics show how the different elements are related.

They may use a matrix, concept maps or tree diagrams.

Multimedia Principle

5 Transformational graphics show changes over a period of time. They may use animation, video, or a series of time-lapse illustrations.

Multimedia Principle

6 Interpretive graphics show how things may work that are not usually visible to the eye. Drawings that use arrows to illustrate a flow are examples.

Now on to the second principle- Contiguity

Contiguity Principle

• In simple terms: People learn better when graphics that illustrate printed words are placed close together.

• In e-Learning they should be placed on the same screen or linked directly from the same screen.

Contiguity Principle

An “OK” example A better example

Contiguity Principle

We can take a look at this image again and notice that the heart image was not only placed near the words, but it also serves as a button to enlarge the view.

Contiguity PrincipleA great example! By clicking the

tabs words and arrows appear to clearly describe the Water Cycle.

TIME FOR A QUIZ

Question 1/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

CLICK FOR ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 1/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 2/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

CLICK FOR ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 2/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 3/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

CLICK FOR ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 3/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 4/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

CLICK FOR ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 4/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 5/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

CLICK FOR ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 5/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 6/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

CLICK FOR ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 6/7

WHICH TYPE OF GRAPHIC IS SHOWN ABOVE?

Decorative Representational Relational Organizational Transformational Interpretive

ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 7/7

WHICH OF THE EXAMPLES BETTER DEMONSTRATES THE PRINCIPLES OF CONTIGUITY?

CLICK FOR ANSWER

QUIZ

Question 7/7

WHICH OF THE EXAMPLES BETTER DEMONSTRATES THE PRINCIPLES OF CONTIGUITY?

ANSWER

QUIZ

How did you do?

If you missed any

review the presentation and try again.

ResourcesClark, Ruth Colvin. E-learning and the science of

instruction proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer, 2008.

Butterfly catcherhttp://www.dedham.k12.ma.us/webquest/spring2002/

lw/butterfly_webquest.htm#CreditsStages of a Butterflyhttp://www.tooter4kids.com/LifeCycle/Stages.htmTransplants of 1997http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/gift1.htmTypes of Rocks http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7.aspButterfly reproducible from the following websitehttp://www.tooter4kids.com/LifeCycle/Stages.htmCoronary Circulationhttp://sln.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/coronary.htmlThe Water Cyclehttp://www.kidzone.ws/water/The Water Cycle (The Hydrologic Cycle)http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/

planets/earth/Watercycle.shtml

Water cycle diagramhttp://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/Rock Cyclehttp://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/types.htmlEarth’s Structurehttp://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.htmlWelcome to British and Metric Conversionshttp://www.learner.org/interactives/metric/index.htmlThe Compass Rosehttp://www.learner.org/interactives/historymap/sea.htmlTypes of Rock charthttp://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/types.htmlThe Shrinking Landfillhttp://www.learner.org/interactives/garbage/landfill/Rock cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_cycleThe Rock Cyclehttp://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.html